中國廣西北海打造系列小鎮，凸顯城市旅游張力

□ 文/本刊記者 劉一穎

中國廣西北海打造系列小鎮，凸顯城市旅游張力

□ 文/本刊記者 劉一穎

“小餅如嚼月，中有酥與飴”，蘇軾《留別廉州張左藏》詩句中的“小餅”，即月餅。1000多年前，蘇軾結束儋州5年的流放生活后，在中國北海合浦（古稱“廉州”）休養了一段時日，并留下關于月餅和友誼的佳話和詩篇。1000多年后，月餅生產加工已成為合浦的一個特色優勢產業，這個古代海上絲綢之路始發港正煥發出新的活力。如今合浦有持證月餅生產廠家近80家，主要生產大月餅，很多店家還是百年傳承的技藝，合浦大部分月餅銷往中國各地，深受顧客喜愛。

合浦月餅的發展越來越受重視，根據近期北海市旅發委繪制的“全域旅游 全景北海”地圖，北海市將打造合浦月餅小鎮。實際上，這是未來5年內，北海市重點布局建設的17個特色旅游小鎮中的一個。

北海旅游小鎮建設進行時

北海的整個旅游小鎮將形成梯隊式建設，預計總投資超100億元。其中僑港風情小鎮、合浦月餅小鎮、銀灘疍家小鎮、冠嶺新營候鳥休閑小鎮、高德古鎮、地角特色風情小鎮、南康特色小鎮、仙人橋特色小鎮在2017年開工建設。

僑港風情小鎮總投資11億元，堪稱大手筆，項目在2017年3月開工，將建成東南亞特色風情體驗區，建設僑港文化博物館、游客接待服務中心、海洋文化體驗廣場、海鮮特色餐飲中心、風情港灣街區等。3月份以后，銀灘疍家小鎮、合浦月餅小鎮、高德古鎮將陸續開工建設。其中，銀灘疍家小鎮總投資5億元，按國家4A級旅游景區標準建設，包含疍家漁村特色街區和特色民居改造、貝殼工藝街、趕海體驗區等。合浦月餅小鎮總投資10億元，按國家4A級旅游景區標準建設，包含月餅等食品加工產業園區（觀光、體驗、銷售區）、旅游功能體驗區和服務區、科技研發展銷中心；高德古鎮總投資10億元，將對高德老街進行保護與開發，按國家5A級旅游景區標準建設。

北海老街

據了解，北海花巨資打造系列旅游小鎮的初衷，是為了彰顯北海悠久的歷史文化和獨特的地域風情，形成一個旅游小鎮集群，打造北海城市新名片，讓更多國內外的游客愛上北海。此外，這也是該市正在實施的全域旅游城市建設大會戰的核心內容和重要抓手之一。2017年2月，《北海市全域旅游城市建設大會戰方案》出爐，要求以創建“國家全域旅游示范區”為統領，推進“城市旅游化、全域景區化、生活休閑化、發展生態化、設施體驗化”，塑造最具吸引力的海洋旅游城市品牌和目的地形象，建設特色鮮明的濱海休閑度假產品體系，促進旅游業全區域、全要素、全產業鏈發展，讓旅游業成為美麗北海的生態產業、美好生活的民生產業、轉型升級的支柱產業。

打造系列旅游小鎮，北海已經準備好了

北海亞熱帶氣候特色濃郁，氣候溫暖濕潤，空氣清新，有“中國最大天然氧吧”之稱，在許多城市受霧霾困擾的今天，北海堪稱“一股清流”。“濱海類、風光類、人文類、古跡類”四大旅游資源和“海水、海灘、海島、海鮮、海洋珍品、海底珊瑚、海洋運動、海上森林、海上航線、海洋文化”十大海洋旅游特色，珍珠、紅樹林、珊瑚礁、美人魚、白海豚等都是北海千金不易的寶貝，潿洲島火山地質地貌、海蝕景觀與合浦古漢墓群堪稱北海的燙金名片……北海旅游資源總量之大、類型之多、品質之高在中國沿海城市中極為罕見。除了自然資源之外，北海還擁有以南珠文化為代表的2000多年豐厚的歷史文化資源，是古代海上絲綢之路的始發港之一。這些豐富而獨特的旅游資源都是北海打造旅游小鎮有利的基礎條件。

隨著“一帶一路”建設興起和中國—東盟關系愈加密切，人們對北海的旅游需求正在逐步提升，據統計，2016年北海接待國內游客達2473萬人次,比上年增長15.4%。近年來，北海市采取各種措施，努力提高旅游基礎設施服務水平、接待能力，以滿足來自四面八方的游客。北海市通過旅游專項扶持資金帶動了143.2億元的社會投資，推動了旅游業持續發展；先后開辟了北海至越南、馬來西亞的港口航線，海上絲綢之路郵輪航線延伸到東盟腹地；北部灣旅游股份有限公司上市實現了北海市旅游企業上市零的突破；北海機場旅客吞吐量突破100萬人次，晉級百萬空港的行列。

2017年2月，北海開始實施“全域旅游城市建設大會戰”，一個嶄新的北海旅游新貌正在徐徐展開。在囊括旅游小鎮建設在內的全域旅游城市建設方面，北海市2017年度內開工項目達71個，總投資168.13億元人民幣，這些項目包括海上絲綢之路漢文化遺址保護，金海灣紅樹林生態旅游區創國家5A級旅游景區，潿洲島海上藍橋等。北海全域旅游建設將為旅游小鎮建設提供旅游產業鏈的重要支撐。

巧借東風 巧學經驗

特色小鎮如今已成為中國加快新型城鎮化建設的一個重要突破口。2016年7月，中國住建部、國家發改委、財政部等聯合發布《關于開展特色小鎮培育工作的通知》，其中提到，2020年前，將培育1000個各具特色、富有活力的特色小鎮。2017年中國“兩會”，“特色小城鎮”首次寫入政府工作報告。北海巧借東風，順勢策劃推進系列旅游小鎮建設，為這座濱海旅游文化名城注入新的活力。

中國的經濟大省浙江是中國國內特色小鎮的發源地，已打造出了云棲小鎮、夢想小鎮等知名小鎮，其經驗值得各地學習。在浙江，特色小鎮不是行政區劃單元上的“鎮”，也不同于產業園區、風景區的“區”，而是按照創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享發展理念，結合自身特質，找準產業定位，科學進行規劃，挖掘產業特色、人文底蘊和生態稟賦，形成“產、城、人、文”四位一體有機結合的重要功能平臺。

“特色小鎮建設求好，不圖快。必須生態優先，堅守生態良好底線，實行‘嵌入式開發’，在保留原汁原味的自然風貌基礎上，建設有特色和人文底蘊的美麗小鎮，讓回歸自然不再遙遠，讓綠色、舒適、愜意成為小鎮的常態。”時任浙江省省長李強這樣說道。

2017年1月《北部灣城市群發展規劃》正式得到批復，“強化生態環境保護”、“建設美麗北部灣”寫入其中，而這也給北部灣城市群的發展奠定了基調。如今北海通過建設特色小鎮，做好生態旅游的文章，在學習國內外先進經驗的同時揚長避短，北海有望為北部灣城市群的建設增添一抹新綠。

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Hepu Mooncake, a specialty of Beihai, China, has a long story: Over 1,000 years ago, Su Shi — a renowned litterateur in China’s earlier Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD) — praised it in his poem to Zhang Zuocang, one of prefecture chiefs of ancient Hepu county: Savoring Hepu mooncake creates an illusion of chewing moon... Nowadays, mooncake producing has become a competitive featured industry in Hepu county. It is reported that nearly 80 licensed food factories are engaged in the production of larger mooncake, and most of them continue their own century-old production process. Considering the feature and popularity of Hepu Mooncake, Beihai will build a mooncake-themed town in the local community, which is virtually one of the 17 key featured tourism towns to be built.

On-going construction of a tourism-themed town

In accordance with the development planning by Beihai, over 10 billion yuan is estimated to be invested in the construction of 17 small featured towns. Among them, eight projects— Qiaogang-style Town, Hepu Mooncake Town, Silver Beach Dan-People Town, Guanling Xinying Migrant-Birds Recreational Town, Gaode Ancient Town, Dijiao-style Town, Nankang-style Town, and Fairy Bridge-style Town — have commenced in 2017; the preparatory work for Quzhang Hakka-People Town has been launched; and the project planning for the remaining towns, including Ceramics Town and Haitai International Tourism Town, is in progress.

The original intention to build a series of tourism-themed towns is to give prominence to Beihai’s time-honored history and cultur, as well as unique regional customs, to form a cluster of tourism-themed towns and to create a brand-new image to attract more tourists both at home and abroad. Furthermore, Beihai has incorporated the above-mentioned development planning into the building of a comprehensive tourism city.

Favorable conditions for diversif ed towns

Beihai boasts affluent and distinctive tourism resources: Itis geographically located in a zone with warm and moist subtropical climate and f esh air; it has four tourism resources relating to beach, natural sceneries, cultural landscapes and historic spots, and also has ten essential oceanic tourism features — seawater, beach, island, seafood, sea treasure, underwater coral, marine sports, sea forest, sea route and marine culture. Aside from natural resources, Beihai possesses a profound and extensive history of cultural resources represented by South-Pearl Culture, which has been passed down from generation to generation for over 2,000 years; particularly, it was once the departure port of the ancient Maritime Silk Road.

With both the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the frequent interaction between China and ASEAN, Beihai now has been attracting more and more attention from tourists. In 2016, there were approximately 25 million domestic tourists travelling to Beihai, increasing by 15.4 percent over the previous year, according to the statistics. In recent years, Beihai has taken effective measures to improve its tourism infrastructure and reception capacity: It attracted a social investment totaling 14.32 billion yuan by establishing a special fund for tourism, improved the passenger throughput of Beihai Fucheng Airport, opened up the sea routes from Beihai to counterparts in Vietnam and Malaysia, etc.

In February 2017, Beihai officially started to build itself into an all-region tourist city in an all-round way. According to the plan, a total of 71 construction projects — such as Han Chinese Culture Relics, Golden Bay Mangrove Forest Ecosystem Area (5A) and Weizhou Island Maritime Blue Bridge — will commence within 2017, with a total investment of over 16.8 billion yuan.

A move oriented at national policy and successful practice

Building featured towns has been regarded as a key breakthrough for China’s new-style urbanization. According to an official document released by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, National Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Finance, a total of 1,000 distinctive, dynamic towns will be built before 2020; meanwhile, “Small Towns with Distinctive Local Features” was firstly mentioned by Report on the Work of The Government when convening NPC and CPPCC in earlier 2017.

Moreover, Zhejiang Province has been a role model for the building of small towns with distinctive local features, such as Yunqi Town and Dream Town. Its successful practices could be copied.

Furthermore, the Beibu Gulf Cities Cluster Development Planning, which includes “strengthening the protection of ecological environment” and “building a beautiful Beibu Gulf”, was off cially approved by the State Council of China, indicating the development direction of Beibu Gulf Cities Cluster.

Guangxi’s Beihai Giving Prominence to Its Featured Small-Town Tourism

Written by Liu Yiying / Translated by Xu Zhiliang