馮雅++南艷麗++鐘輝智



摘要:
如何兼顧冬夏兩季建筑供暖空調負荷和能耗,保證室內熱環境質量,確定最適宜的熱工特性,是長期困擾中國南方建筑圍護結構熱工與節能設計的難點。通過對夏熱冬冷和夏熱冬暖地區建筑在采暖、空調與自然通風條件下動態熱過程的分析,研究了這一地區圍護結構熱特性與能耗的制約關系,以及對室內熱環境與建筑熱穩定性的作用機理。在兼顧冬季保溫與夏季隔熱的情況下,將建筑全年能耗作為控制目標,從室內熱環境質量、節能效果、圍護結構的安全性、可靠性、經濟性和實用性等角度評價目前所采用的圍護結構節能技術存在的問題,提出一種適宜南方氣候的建筑圍護結構熱特性指標及構造形式。
關鍵詞:
南方地區;圍護結構;熱工設計;節能設計
Abstract:
In southern area of china, the problem that balancing heating load in winter with cooling load in summer to ensure indoor thermal comfort when designing building envelop still remains. In this article, the correlation between thermal characteristics of building envelope and energy load is found by analyzing dynamic thermal process of buildings in hot summer and cold(warm)winter zones. In addition, the thermal characteristics of building envelope which affect indoor thermal environment and thermal stability of building are revealed. Also, the impact mechanism of enclosure thermal performance on indoor thermal environment and thermal stability is studied. By taking the balance between winter heat preservation and summer heat dissipation into consideration, the calculation of annual building energy consumption would be carried out, based on which the existing enclosure energysaving method is evaluated from the standpoint of energysaving effect, safety, reliability, economy and practicability. Finally, the climaticsuitable thermal design and its structure type of the enclosure is proposed.
Keywords:
southern area;building envelope;building thermal design;energysaving design
圍護結構保溫隔熱是影響建筑節能最為重要的因素之一,圍護結構材料的保溫性、耐久性和安全性問題也是國內外長期關注的重點。北美、歐盟、日本等發達國家采用鋼結構、木結構及木框架結構的建筑占70%以上,圍護結構構造主要采用龍骨+保溫隔熱材料+裝飾面板的做法,工業化水平高,質量穩定,能很好地解決礦(巖)棉、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板(EPS)、聚苯乙烯擠塑泡沫板(XPS)等高效有機保溫隔熱材料作為圍護結構保溫隔熱系統的安全性與可靠性、耐候性、透汽性,以及受熱應力影響的膨脹與收縮、裂縫、以及材料體系老化等問題[13]。但對于傳統磚石、混凝土外墻等保溫隔熱體系,國外相關技術標準[2]并未做出詳細的性能要求。……