南方建筑非透明圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱工與節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)

馮雅++南艷麗++鐘輝智

摘要：

如何兼顧冬夏兩季建筑供暖空調(diào)負(fù)荷和能耗，保證室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境質(zhì)量，確定最適宜的熱工特性，是長期困擾中國南方建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱工與節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)夏熱冬冷和夏熱冬暖地區(qū)建筑在采暖、空調(diào)與自然通風(fēng)條件下動(dòng)態(tài)熱過程的分析，研究了這一地區(qū)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱特性與能耗的制約關(guān)系，以及對(duì)室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境與建筑熱穩(wěn)定性的作用機(jī)理。在兼顧冬季保溫與夏季隔熱的情況下，將建筑全年能耗作為控制目標(biāo)，從室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境質(zhì)量、節(jié)能效果、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性、可靠性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和實(shí)用性等角度評(píng)價(jià)目前所采用的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)能技術(shù)存在的問題，提出一種適宜南方氣候的建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱特性指標(biāo)及構(gòu)造形式。

關(guān)鍵詞：

南方地區(qū)；圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)；熱工設(shè)計(jì)；節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)

Abstract：

In southern area of china， the problem that balancing heating load in winter with cooling load in summer to ensure indoor thermal comfort when designing building envelop still remains. In this article， the correlation between thermal characteristics of building envelope and energy load is found by analyzing dynamic thermal process of buildings in hot summer and cold（warm）winter zones. In addition， the thermal characteristics of building envelope which affect indoor thermal environment and thermal stability of building are revealed. Also， the impact mechanism of enclosure thermal performance on indoor thermal environment and thermal stability is studied. By taking the balance between winter heat preservation and summer heat dissipation into consideration， the calculation of annual building energy consumption would be carried out， based on which the existing enclosure energysaving method is evaluated from the standpoint of energysaving effect， safety， reliability， economy and practicability. Finally， the climaticsuitable thermal design and its structure type of the enclosure is proposed.

Keywords：

southern area；building envelope；building thermal design；energysaving design

圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)保溫隔熱是影響建筑節(jié)能最為重要的因素之一，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)材料的保溫性、耐久性和安全性問題也是國內(nèi)外長期關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。北美、歐盟、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)、木結(jié)構(gòu)及木框架結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑占70%以上，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造主要采用龍骨+保溫隔熱材料+裝飾面板的做法，工業(yè)化水平高，質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，能很好地解決礦（巖）棉、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板（EPS）、聚苯乙烯擠塑泡沫板（XPS）等高效有機(jī)保溫隔熱材料作為圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)保溫隔熱系統(tǒng)的安全性與可靠性、耐候性、透汽性，以及受熱應(yīng)力影響的膨脹與收縮、裂縫、以及材料體系老化等問題[13]。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)磚石、混凝土外墻等保溫隔熱體系，國外相關(guān)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]并未做出詳細(xì)的性能要求?！?br>