王 立,惠娜娜,李繼平
(甘肅省農業科學院植物保護研究所,甘肅 蘭州 730070)
病蟲防治
6種殺菌劑對馬鈴薯壞疽病病菌的毒力測定
王 立,惠娜娜,李繼平*
(甘肅省農業科學院植物保護研究所,甘肅 蘭州 730070)
為篩選可有效防治馬鈴薯壞疽病的殺菌劑,采用生長速率法測定了13種殺菌劑對馬鈴薯壞疽病病菌的抑菌作用,并對入選殺菌劑對壞疽病病菌的毒力進行了測定。結果表明,13種供試殺菌劑中有6種能有效抑制壞疽病病菌,但這6種殺菌劑毒力差異較大。EC50值由小到大依次為10%苯醚甲環唑ME<3%甲霜·噁霉靈(秀苗)AS<40%溴菌腈·多菌靈·福美雙(炭息)WP<62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈(亮盾)FS<68%精甲霜·錳鋅(金雷)WP<80%代森錳鋅(大生M-45)WP,其中10%苯醚甲環唑ME、3%甲霜·噁霉靈(秀苗)AS、40%溴菌腈·多菌靈·福美雙(炭息)WP的EC50值均小于1 μg/mL,說明病原菌對這3種殺菌劑更為敏感。該試驗為田間防治馬鈴薯壞疽病提供了科學依據。
馬鈴薯;壞疽??;殺菌劑;毒力測定
Abstrraacctt::The effectiveness of 13 fungicides in inhibiting Phoma foveata was tested to screen fungicides which can efficiently control Phoma foveata in potato by the mycelium growth rate method and the toxicity of the selected fungicides to the pathogen was studied.The results showed that six out of the 13 fungicides tested could efficiently inhibit Phoma foveata.The toxicity of the six selected fungicides to Phoma foveata varied greatly.Their EC50values in ascending order were as follows:10%difenoconazole<3%metalaxyl hymexazol<40%bromothalonil·carbendazim·thiram <62.5 g/L metalaxyl-m·fludioxonil<68%metalaxyl-m·mancozeb<80%mancozeb.EC50values of 10%difenoconazole,3%metalaxyl hymexazol and 40%bromothalonil·carbendazim·thiram were all lower than 1 μg/mL,demenstrating that the pathogen were more sensitive to them.This work may provide scientific basis for field control of Phoma foveata in potato.
Key Worrddss::potato;gangrene;fungicide;toxicity test
馬鈴薯是世界第四大糧食作物,甘肅省第三大糧食作物。目前甘肅省馬鈴薯種植面積達66.7萬hm2,隨著種植面積的增加,馬鈴薯各種病害也越來越嚴重,馬鈴薯貯藏期病害也逐漸制約著馬鈴薯產業的發展,2003年甘肅省馬鈴薯主產區定西市馬鈴薯貯藏期病薯率高達27.59%[1,2],2004年定西市馬鈴薯貯藏期平均病薯率達29.4%[3]。近年來,在冷涼地區,馬鈴薯貯藏期病害馬鈴薯干腐病(Fusarium spp.)逐漸下降,而馬鈴薯壞疽病卻在上升,而且由于種薯分級等造成大量傷口及長時間的貯存壞疽病發生更嚴重,在田間一般發生較輕,但種植發病較重的種薯也可以引起20%的產量損失及小薯的增加[4],給馬鈴薯種植區造成了嚴重的經濟損失?!?br>