鄧金勝+張建+況紅玲+張欣+喻峰+杜丹+王昆



摘要:白楠為樟科楠屬植物,是優秀的生態樹種和珍貴的用材樹種,具有很高的價值。本文采用石蠟切片法對白楠(Phoebeneurantha)的胚胎發育過程進行了研究。主要內容包括白楠大、小孢子發生,雌、雄配子體的發育以及開花后子房發育的研究。主要研究結果表明,白楠的子房為一室,雙珠被,厚珠心,多單胚珠,少數雙胚珠,倒生。胚囊發育類型為蓼型胚囊,與樟科其他屬種一致,大孢子母細胞經過減數分裂形成直線排列的四個大孢子,其中三個靠近珠孔端的大孢子相繼退化死亡,而合點端的大孢子則發育成為功能大孢子,形成單核胚囊,經過三次分裂,形成八核七細胞的成熟胚囊。雄蕊花藥為四室,花藥壁自外向內分別為表皮、藥室內壁、中層和絨氈層,隨著花藥的進一步發育,藥室內壁和絨氈層逐漸解體消失,成熟花粉為二細胞型花粉,絨氈層類型為變形絨氈層。小孢子有部分敗育現象,這可能是由于絨氈層不能及時降解,導致小孢子無法吸收營養,從而導致敗育。
關鍵詞:白楠;大、小孢子發生;雌、雄配子體發育;敗育
中圖分類號:Q132文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1004-3020(2017)06-0006-06TheMegasporogenesis,
Microsporogenesis,FemaleandMaleGametophyteDevelopmentofPhoebeneuranthaDengJinsheng(1)ZhangJian(2)FangHongling(1)ZhangXin(1)YuFeng(1)DuDan(1)WangKun(1)
(1.FayeEcologicalEnvironmentGroupCo.,LTDWuhan430206;2.YangtzeUniversityJingzhou434100)Abstract:PhoebeneuranthaisexcellentecologicalspeciesandraretreespeciesofLauraceaePhoebenees,hasaveryhighvalue.MethodofusingparaffinPhoebeneuranthatostudytheprocessofembryonicdevelopment.Maincontentsincludethemegasporogenesis,microsporogenesis,developmentofmaleandfemalegametophyteandstudyonovarydevelopmentafterflowering.MainresultsshowthattheovaryofPhoebeneuranthahad1-locules,doubleintegyment,thicknucellus,singleovule,afewpairofovules,ovuleswasanatropous.Embryosacdevelopmenttypeforpolygonumtype,andLauraceaeotherisspeciesconsistent,themegasporesmothercellformedalineartetradof4megasporesaftermeiosis.Thechalazalmegasporedevelopedthefunctionaloneandotherthreeatthemicropylarpoleweredegraded.Formedsinglenuclearembryosac,afterthreetimessplit,formedeightnuclearsevencellofmatureembryosac.Therewrer4loculesanthersacinflowers,Thewallofflowersisconsistofepiderment,endothecaendothecium,middlelamellaandtapetum.Alongwiththefurtherdevelopmentoftheanther,endotheciumanddisintegrationoftapetalcellsgraduallydisappear,maturepollengrainswere2-celledtypes.Thetapetumwasamoeboid.Therewerelittlepollenabortionandmalesterilitysincethetapetumofmalesterileplantsdelayeddegradationandthemicrosporescouldnotobtainenoughnutritionfornormaldevelopment.
Keywords:Phoebeneurantha;megasporogenesisandmicrosporogenesis;maleandfemalegametophytesdevelopment;abortion
白楠是樟科楠屬植物,為多年生大灌木至喬木,通常高3~14m;樹皮灰黑色。小枝剛開始有較短柔毛或是長柔毛,柔毛會隨著發育逐漸消失。葉為革質葉,狹披針形、披針形或倒披針形,長80~160cm,寬15~40cm,葉片先端尾狀漸尖,基部漸狹下延,極少為楔形,葉片上面無毛或嫩時有毛,下面為綠色或蒼白色,葉片嫩時有或多或少的灰白色柔毛,后來會逐漸變為散生柔毛或是無毛,葉脈的中脈下陷,葉片兩邊分別有側脈8~12條,且有著較明顯的橫脈和小脈;……