董麗云+鄧瑋
關(guān)鍵詞: 健康焦慮;話語(yǔ)建構(gòu);需求;文本情感
摘要: 醫(yī)學(xué)廣告是健康焦慮建構(gòu)的主要誘致性因素,也從側(cè)面展示了當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)話語(yǔ)體系與社會(huì)、身體、性別的互動(dòng)。以《健康時(shí)報(bào)》2014年刊登的醫(yī)學(xué)廣告為研究樣本,基于文本的情感極性實(shí)證分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)學(xué)廣告偏向于負(fù)面情感的表現(xiàn)修辭敘事。其主要通過(guò)疾病的性別定型化、健康危機(jī)的制造與患者的自診化等三個(gè)方面的話語(yǔ)策略建構(gòu)受眾的健康焦慮,而非正面、積極的自我提升感。這些策略的背后是性別階序的意識(shí)形態(tài)話語(yǔ)、健康的技術(shù)化規(guī)訓(xùn)與私人規(guī)則的使用等深層話語(yǔ)機(jī)制的運(yùn)作。其后果是健康焦慮的話語(yǔ)建構(gòu)不當(dāng)會(huì)帶來(lái)潛在的社會(huì)危害,如過(guò)度醫(yī)療。
中圖分類號(hào): G206.3
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
文章編號(hào): 10012435(2017)04046410
Key words: health anxiety;discursive construction;want;sentiment polarity
Abstract: Medical advertisement, an indicator of how medical discursive system, society, body and gender interact, is largely conducive to the construction of health anxiety. The present research is based on the sentiment polarity analysis of sample medical advertisement from Health Times in 2014, one of the top three health journals in China. The findings have disclosed at least three arguments: 1. medical advertisement, not informative of a positive self upgrading as expected, but a negative epideictic oratory in essence, mainly constructs the health anxiety through three channels gender stereotype, health crisis fabrication and patient selfdiagnosis. 2. What ideologies underline the three constructive strategies? They are gender hierarchy, health technique and private rule. 3. Improper discursive construction of health anxiety would do detriments to the society in the long run, e.g. Overtreatment.
當(dāng)下是一個(gè)“全民焦慮”的時(shí)代,因變遷而產(chǎn)生的陌生感和不確定性不可避免地導(dǎo)致整個(gè)社會(huì)焦慮的產(chǎn)生。[1]在事業(yè)、金錢、就業(yè)、子女教育等方面普遍表現(xiàn)出壓力與焦慮感,尤其是在健康方面。[2]常言所道“健康為1,其余為0”,實(shí)際反映的就是這種健康焦慮。一旦健康受到威脅,意味著與社會(huì)日常生活的脫序——不能上班、不能賺錢、不能上學(xué)、不能結(jié)婚;如果是傳染病,還要被隔離,甚至被貼上“道德墮落”的標(biāo)簽。不僅如此,隨著社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)化的不斷擴(kuò)大,過(guò)去許多非醫(yī)學(xué)生活領(lǐng)域逐漸被醫(yī)學(xué)“殖民”了,健康不僅涵蓋了謝頂、兒童多動(dòng)癥、酗酒等生理問(wèn)題,而且與外貌,如肥胖、牙齒、五官等等緊密關(guān)聯(lián)。……