佟漢文 彭敏 劉易科 朱展望 陳泠 鄒娟 張宇慶 高春保



摘要:基于2001—2016年湖北省小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)區域試驗數據,分析了審定品種與對照鄭麥9023的增產幅度、產量及主要農藝性狀表現和變化趨勢,以及審定品種性狀間的相關關系。結果表明,與鄭麥9023相比,27個審定品種增產率分布在-2.02%~9.16%,審定品種的產量、穗粒數、株高和全生育期平均數值較高,而有效穗數和千粒重平均數值較低;與鄭麥9023相比,湖北省小麥審定品種產量潛力提高的同時,有效穗數和全生育期遞增,而穗粒數、千粒重和株高遞減;審定品種的有效穗數(0.65**)和千粒重(0.64**)與產量呈極顯著正相關,有效穗數與穗粒數(-0.54**)相互制約。因此,增加有效穗數和千粒重,注意解決有效穗數和穗粒數的矛盾是當前湖北省小麥產量育種的主攻方向。
關鍵詞:小麥(Triticum aestivum L.);鄭麥9023;區域試驗;產量;農藝性狀;相關分析;湖北省
中圖分類號:S512.1? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2018)24-0046-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.24.012? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Abstract: Based on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) regional trial in Hubei from 2001 to 2016, the yield-increasing rate, performance and changing trend of yield and main agronomic traits, and correlation among traits of wheat varieties released had been analyzed in the text. The results showed that, the yield-increasing rates of 27 wheat varieties released were from? ? ? -2.02% to 9.16%, and the average value of traits such as yield, kernals per spike, plant height and days to maturity were higher, and the average value of effective spikes and 1000-grain weight were lower than that of Zhengmai9023. Comparing with Zhengmai9023, yield, effective spikes and days to maturity were increasing progressively,and kernals per spike,1000-grain weight and plant height were descending. Effective spikes (0.65) and 1000-kernel weight (0.64) were positively related with yield at 0.01 level. Effective spikes was negatively related with kernals per spike(-0.54) at 0.01 level. Keeping on raising effective spikes, intensifying selecting large-grain, solving the contraction of effective spikes and kernals per spike would be major directions of wheat breeding on yield at present in Hubei province.
Key words: Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.); Zhengmai9023; regional test; yield; agronomic traits; correlation analysis; Hubei province
湖北省作為中國小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)主產省份之一,近年來小麥單產增幅緩慢。據國家統計局數據,1997年和2016年湖北省小麥單產分別為3 500.22 kg/hm2和3 863.86 kg/hm2,年增產19.14 kg/hm2,單產水平及增產幅度遠低于全國平均水平[1,2]。
從區域試驗品種的表現可以看出作物育種的進展和水平,根據多年水稻[3]、谷子[4]、糜子[5]等區域試驗資料的統計分析確定其階段性育種目標或方向,對這些作物的育種起到了積極作用。在小麥區域試驗研究中,高輝明等[6]通過分析2001—2009年國家冬小麥區域試驗北部冬麥區水地組數據,得出選……