李文 李顯蓉 劉銘
摘 要:目的 探究并分析尿道下裂患兒的心理、行為狀況,為尿道下裂患兒治療過程中的心理護理提供理論指導。方法 對2015年1月~2017年10月西南醫科大學附屬醫院小兒外科4~8歲的128例尿道下裂患兒在手術前1 d進行問卷調查。采用中國學齡前兒童氣質量表調查患兒心理狀態,采用 Achenbach兒童行為量表調查患兒的行為狀況。結果 兒童氣質量表調查結果顯示,尿道下裂患兒在活動水平(4.10±0.24)、注意時限和堅持度(2.51±0.41)、節律性(3.51±1.90)、注意分散度(4.22±0.35)、反應閾(3.84±0.32)、反應強度(4.49±0.20)和趨避性(2.94±0.29)方面分值高于中國常模(P<0.05);Achenbach兒童行為量表調查結果顯示,尿道下裂患兒在抑郁因子、多動因子、攻擊性因子、社交退縮因子、交往不良因子方面問題突出(P<0.05)。結論 尿道下裂對患兒心理、行為會產生明顯的負面影響,在尿道下裂的手術治療中,醫護人員應關注尿道下裂對患兒心理、行為的影響,及時給予相應的心理干預。
關鍵詞:兒童;尿道下裂;心理狀況
中圖分類號:R726.9 文獻標識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.22.053
文章編號:1006-1959(2018)22-0175-03
Study on Preoperative Psychological Status of Children with Hypospadias
LI Wen1,LI Xian-rong2,LIU Ming1,XIONG Geng1,BIAN Ze-dong1,HE Xia1,YANG Chun1
(Department of Pediatric Surgery1,General Surgery2,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,
Luzhou 646000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Objective To explore and analyze the psychology and behavior of children with hypospadias,and provide the theoretical guidance for hypospadias children's psychdogical nursing during the treatment.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 128 cases children with hypospadias from January 2015 to October 2017 in Pediatric Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Children's psychological status was investigated using the Chinese Preschool Children's Gas Quality Chart, and the behavioral status of the children was investigated using the Achenbach Child Behavior Scale.Results The results of the children's gas quality table showed that children with hypospadias had higher scores in activity level(4.10±0.24), attention time limit and persistence(2.51±0.41), rhythm(3.51±1.90), attention dispersion(4.22±0.35), response threshold(3.84±0.32), reaction intensity(4.49±0.20) and avoidance(2.94±0.29)higher than Chinese norm (P<0.05). The results of the Achenbach Child Behavior Scale showed that children with hypospadias had prominent problems in depression factors, hyperkinetic factors, aggressive factors, social withdrawal factors, and poor communication factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Hypospadias can have a significant negative impact on the psychology and behavior of children. In the surgical treatment of hypospadias, medical staff should pay attention to the impact of hypospadias on the psychology and behavior of children, and timely give corresponding psychological intervention.
Key words:Children;Hypospadias;Psychological condition
尿道下裂(hypospadias)是小兒泌尿系統中常見的先天性畸形,主要表現為尿道開口異常及排尿異常,常伴有陰莖下彎及包皮分布異常[1]其發病率與遺傳、環境、內分泌等因素有關[2-5]。外科手術是其唯一的治愈途徑,但尿道成形術仍不可完全避免其并發癥,如尿漏、尿道狹窄,患兒成年后能否擁有正常的性生活,也是一個需要很多年后才能得出的不確定結果。這些因素易使患兒產生自卑、抑郁等心理,嚴重者還可能導致患兒人格發育不良,影響其社交能力及生活質量。臨床不僅要研究尿道下裂的器質性病變,還需關注其潛在的心理障礙[6],對患兒的心理狀態進行全面的了解,分析不良情緒產生的原因,然后給予其有針對性的心理護理,爭取達到最佳的臨床治療效果。因此,本研究通過對尿道下裂術前患兒的心理及行為進行問卷調查,探究尿道下裂患兒心理、行為狀況,并分析這些心理及行為產生的原因,為尿道下裂患兒治療過程中的臨床護理提供理論指導。……