任福兵 李玲玲
〔摘要〕[目的/意義]智庫研究已經成為情報學研究的熱點,作為智庫決策重要方式的群體決策應當受到關注。通過對國外現有研究成果進行回顧,有助于了解該領域的研究熱點和不足,為我國該主題研究提供借鑒。[方法/過程]采用文獻調查法,以Web of Science數據庫收錄的相關文獻為研究對象,對國外群體決策的研究內容進行了梳理和分析。[結果/結論]研究表明:國外關于群體決策的研究已取得了一定的研究成果,相關研究主要集中在群體決策的影響因素、決策方法、決策過程三方面。在借鑒國外研究成果的基礎上,對我國群體決策的研究提出加強理論研究、完善方法體系、細化過程研究的建議。
〔關鍵詞〕群體決策;影響因素;決策方法;決策過程
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2018.05.027
〔中圖分類號〕G2528〔文獻標識碼〕A〔文章編號〕1008-0821(2018)05-0172-06
〔Abstract〕[Purpose/Significance]The research of think tank has become a hot topic in the research of information science,as an important decision making way of think tank,group decision making should attract more attention.Review of the existing research results abroad helped to understand the hot spots and deficiencies in the field,which provided reference for the research of the subject in China.[Method/process]Using the literature survey method,the web of science database included in the literature as the research object,the foreign group decision-making research content was sorted out and analyzed.[Results/Conclusions]The research showed:Foreign research on group decision had made certain research results,the current research focused on the research of influencing factors,the research of decision-making method and the decision-making process three aspects.On the basis of learning from the research results of foreign countries,this paper put forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the study of group decision-making in China to strengthen the theoretical research,improve the method system and refine the process research.
〔Key words〕group decision;influencing factors;decision making method;decision-making process
“群體決策”作為一個學術概念是由DuncanBlack在1948年首次提出,這一概念的廣泛研究則是在20世紀80年代之后。1987年,Hwang CL對群體決策進行了明確定義,即群體決策是指不同成員提出自己的決策方案,將所有的方案形成方案集合,決策參與者(即決策群體)基于個體偏好和某種規則,最終形成一致性或妥協性的決策方案排序。他認為,決策過程是一個不斷協商、妥協的過程,決策的結果就是對不同策略進行偏好排序[1]。
作為一種決策方式,群體決策的優點在于:作為人類社會活動的基本決策形式,它可以兼顧多方面的利益,克服決策個體的知識、信息和能力等方面的不足,其中貫穿了信息管理、知識管理、智慧管理、智庫決策等,是實現科學決策的重要路徑。……