細(xì)節(jié)理解題的命題方式

楊富章

一、細(xì)節(jié)描寫題

細(xì)節(jié)描寫題，常常考查考生對文中有關(guān)人物動作、思想感情、心理活動、觀點(diǎn)，或事件的起因、發(fā)展、過程、結(jié)果等方面的理解。這類描寫信息往往比較直接，一般不需要考生對它們進(jìn)行比較深入的理解。對于這類題，考生一般可以直接從原文中找到與題目相對應(yīng)的有關(guān)信息。

例1 （第一段和第二段略）

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren， another species of Australian song-bird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks， ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more fre-quently mothers had called to their eggs， the more simi-lar were the babies ' begging calls. In ad-dition ， the team set up a separate experi- ment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effectiveembryonic leaming could signal neuro-logical（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的）strengths of chil-dren to parents. An evolutionary infer- ence can then be drawn.“As a parent， do you invest in quality children ， or do you invest in children that are in need？ ” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

59. What are Kleindorfers findings based on？

A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.

B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.

C. The data collected from Queenslands locals.

D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other hirds.

60. Embryonic leaming helps mother birds to iden-tify the baby birds which_____.

A. can receive quality signals

B. are in need of training

C. fit the environment better

D.make the loudest call

59.細(xì)節(jié)描寫題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句可知，A項正確。

60.細(xì)節(jié)描寫題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句和最后一段的最后一句可知，胎教幫助母鳥辨別出那些適應(yīng)環(huán)境較好的孩子，C項正確。

二、信息尋找題

信息尋找題一般在應(yīng)用文體中較常見，大多以閱讀廣告、公告、演出海報、車船或航班時間表等形式呈現(xiàn)。這類閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能滿足各種人對信息的需求。但是，在高考試題中，常常是就某一方面提問，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀，因?yàn)椴牧现杏泻芏嗳哂嗟臒o效信息。做此類題時，考生宜采用“題干定位法”，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)部分，快速尋找有效信息。

例2

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store

Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located（位于）upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.

（第二段和第三段略）

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962. Pacific Science Center has been in-spiring a passion（熱情）for discovery and lifelong learn-ing in science， math and technology. Today， Pacific Sci-ence Center serves more than l.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to class-rooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals， cor-porations， and other social organizations. Visit pacific- sciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.

21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Sci-ence Center？

A. In Building 1.

B.In Building 3.

C.At the Laser Dome.

D. At the Denny Way entrance.

22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools？

A. Train science teachers.

B. Distribute science books.

C.Inspire scientific research.

D. Take science to the classroom.

21.信息尋找題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，Pacific Science Center的購物點(diǎn)在Laser Dome旁邊的3號樓的樓上。選B_

22.信息尋找題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句可知，現(xiàn)在Pacific Science Center每年向130多萬人提供服務(wù)，并開始把探究式科學(xué)教育帶到華盛頓州的教室和社區(qū)活動中。選D。

三、數(shù)據(jù)計算題

此類試題一般要求考生能根據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，找出計算關(guān)系，通過計算得出正確答案。這類計算一般來說比較簡單，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計算方法，問題便可迎刃而解。對數(shù)據(jù)較多、項目復(fù)雜、所用時間或空間跨度較大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出，化模糊為清晰，為計算打下基礎(chǔ)。對相對不太復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)，可采用“推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行簡單的運(yùn)算就可得出答案。

例3

Tuition Fees（學(xué)費(fèi)）

Tuition f'ees are different from department to de-partment， generally from $5， 000 to $6， 000 a year. For further information：tui@waikato.ac.nz.

Accommodation（住宿）

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat. which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further informa-tion： acc@waikato.ac.nz.

You have to pay at least_____a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A.$5，250

B.$8，000

C.$9，000

D.$11，000

解析：數(shù)據(jù)計算題。該短文是介紹Waikato大學(xué)的廣告。從以上閱讀材料可知，在那兒學(xué)習(xí)一年最少需要的費(fèi)用是：$5，000（學(xué)費(fèi)）+$100（住宿費(fèi)）x12 （months） +$150（生活費(fèi)）x12 （months） =$8，000。選B。