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《玉天仙》讓韓國人心動

2018-09-06 07:45:36薛瑩馬黎郭楠
文化交流 2018年9期

薛瑩?馬黎?郭楠

一根手臂粗的麻繩,沿著舞臺圍出一方天地。舞臺中央,一根繩索,從天至地,粗略打了個結。

這就是黃梅戲《玉天仙》的舞臺,簡約,明了。

7月13日,由浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司以及安徽省安慶市黃梅戲藝術劇院共同出品,余青峰編劇、江瑤導演、夏圓圓和黃新德主演的小劇場黃梅戲《玉天仙·魂斷爛柯山》,作為第三屆韓國戲劇節唯一受邀的中國劇目,在首爾弘益大學大學路藝術中心進行首演,榮獲“最佳國際劇目獎”。

7月14日下午,應中國駐韓國大使館的邀請,《玉天仙·魂斷爛柯山》劇組到首爾中國文化中心為韓國戲劇界及文化界的朋友們進行演出。

開演前,筆者在朋友圈發了《玉天仙》的韓國版海報。有人點贊,也有朋友留言,好奇:這黃梅戲,韓國人聽的懂嗎?

一出西漢的家庭劇在韓上演

7月13日晚上,進入弘益大學大學路藝術中心演出之前,現場的300多名韓國觀眾,對黃梅戲的概念是零,“有接觸過京劇,但黃梅戲是人生第一次。”

晚上8點,六位穿著中山裝的樂隊成員,懷抱著二胡、琵琶、笛子等上臺。“咚咚咚咚咚”,中國大鼓一響,伴隨著悠揚的黃梅調,一出兩千年前的夫妻家庭劇就此展開。

《玉天仙》的靈感來源之一是昆曲《爛柯山》,講的是大家都很熟悉的朱買臣和崔氏的故事。

這是一個西漢的家庭倫理劇——老公朱買臣數次考試不中,老婆崔氏嫌棄他,覺得沒法和這個書呆子過下去了。兩人離婚,崔氏跟屠夫阿旺結婚了。結果,前夫高中狀元,榮歸故里,不僅原諒了前妻崔氏,還將她和現任老公安頓在府中。

連方孝孺都要寫詩《買臣妻墓》,從道德的角度規訓女性:“青青池邊一故丘,千年埋骨不埋羞。丁寧囑咐民間婦,自古糟糠合到頭。”

《玉天仙》的編劇余青峰在杭州的家里讀到這首詩時快氣死了,“憑什么這樣?他不是用刀來殺人。老百姓的唾沫把她淹死了,她根本不可能再活著。”

余青峰每次看完,都覺得這個連名字都不完整的崔氏太可憐了,歷史中的她真是這樣的嗎?

他給朱買臣之妻取名玉天仙,這個名字出現在元雜劇《朱太守風雪漁樵記》中,“這部戲,我就寫了兩個字——前半部寫‘休妻的休,后半部寫‘羞辱的羞。這個羞辱留了2000年,道德綁架了2000年,我想站在玉天仙的立場上,為這個女人說幾句公道話,還原她正常的人性,在當今社會,也應該會獲得一些共鳴。”

這個共鳴,很國際化。演出現場的韓國觀眾,都看懂了他要說的話——迂腐的朱買臣“直男式”哄老婆,老婆你胃痛我就替你把玉米吃了,他們哈哈大笑;玉天仙看著前夫高頭大馬而來,嘲笑她“你為什么不肯多等一年”,他們也很是感嘆。

“這是我第一次看中國的地方戲,太棒了。雖然語言不通,黃梅戲也沒接觸過,但里面的情感起伏,韓國人是能理解的。”演出結束,一位韓國姑娘拉著自己的俄羅斯老公,追上臺,求合影。

還有一位打扮得體的中年婦人,興致勃勃地拉著筆者,用英文問:“中國話的《玉天仙》怎么說?”

學了半天,終究學不會,拿出手機,拍了海報,說做個紀念,“有很多話想說,一下子又不知道從哪里說起。”身為女性,這位觀眾更有感觸。

一次契機促進中韓文化交流

把《玉天仙》帶到韓國的,有兩個人——一個是韓國戲劇協會理事長鄭大經,還有一個是原大邱音樂劇節委員長、韓國文聯理事、韓國戲劇節國際交流委員長樸淳顯。

而他們知道黃梅戲《玉天仙》這件事,得從老張說起。

老張,張輝,浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司總經理。黃梅戲《玉天仙》能進入韓國,他是幕后推手。

張輝是杭州演出界的“老江湖”,18年前的9月,他把羅大佑帶到了杭州,那是杭州的第一場演唱會。后來,張國榮、劉若英、楊麗萍等明星的演出,都是出自他手。

他的公司“鴻藝”,是浙江演藝類文化出口重點企業。在帶《玉天仙》去韓國之前,他還帶“白娘子”和“許仙”去過——2012年,他帶著音樂劇《斷橋》參加了第六屆韓國大邱國際音樂劇節,拿下了最佳劇目獎、最佳表演獎。

2008年,他也帶著韓國無臺詞音樂喜劇《亂打》來過杭州。

每年4月到12月,“鴻藝”還會邀請韓國的藝術家們分三批到杭州,分別常駐三個月的時間。這樣的中韓藝術家交流活動進行到今年,已經是第五個年頭。

他們去游覽西湖,也去杭州圖書館,去中國美院民俗博物館,來實地感受中國,而不是只從書上“看到”。這些韓國藝術家親身感受中國人的情懷,理解中國人的情感。

不會說韓語的張輝,用手機上的翻譯軟件,加上各種肢體語言,和韓國人聊天。說一句,手機翻譯一句,聊得挺開心。韓國人喜歡叫他老張,很親昵。

《玉天仙》排到一半,有一次,老張偶遇這兩位韓國戲劇家,說起這出戲,“歡迎來看看”。

對黃梅戲毫無了解的兩位韓國戲劇家,一開始是抱著懷疑的態度來的,但是看到第一次聯排就很驚訝,“很前衛的故事。”鄭大經說。

韓國人很謹慎,沒過多久,這兩位韓國戲劇家又來了,還帶來了兩位同事。從南京轉車,坐了四小時跑到安慶。看了相對完整的連排后,決定邀請《玉天仙》參加韓國戲劇節。

“我們去了4個人,但是有3種觀點。每個人看到的都不一樣。有些人看重戲里對女性權益的關注,也有的人覺得你不能在另一半最難的時候離開,還有的人覺得男主角朱買臣是壞人。這個作品的好,就是能讓人去討論。20歲和40歲的觀眾,看到的不一樣,男性和女性觀眾看到的也不一樣。”樸淳顯看了20多年中國戲劇,《玉天仙》是很打動他的一部劇。

“《玉天仙》的服裝和舞臺,都很簡約,但是故事很華麗,編劇和導演在故事中用了現代的手段,賦予了現代的意義。從這一點說,《玉天仙》雖然講了2000年前的故事,表演形式也很傳統,但是內核是和國際接軌的。”樸淳顯說。

馬前潑水、覆水難收兩個成語,就是來自這個故事。鄭大經說,在韓國也有類似覆水難收的俗語,“看了《玉天仙》,我才知道,原來是來自于這個故事。”

韓國多個城市再邀《玉天仙》

黃梅戲《玉天仙》的班底組成,很有些意思。

出品公司是一家民營企業——浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司,和一家國有院團——安徽省安慶市黃梅戲藝術劇院,編劇是來自杭州的余青峰,導演是來自浙江小百花越劇團的江遙,作曲家陳華慶、空間設計季喬、燈光設計周正平、服裝設計藍玲,幾位業界大咖,分別來自安徽、廣東和浙江,天南海北。

這個陣容,有點“混搭”。按編劇余青峰的說法,他們是一群“有志之士”,從一開始就目的明確。

“從劇目開始醞釀到創排,我們的目標就是面向國外市場推廣,與民營文化企業合作,讓專業的人做專業的事,讓優秀的黃梅戲藝術‘走出去。從《玉天仙》在韓國演出的情況來看,一期目標實現了。”安慶市黃梅戲藝術劇院院長余登云說。

在首爾首演之后,韓國的光州和大田兩大城市,也正式向《玉天仙》劇組發出邀請,希望今年10月到光州和大田巡演。另外,大邱等五個城市,也邀請該劇于明年6月三度赴韓巡演。

“黃梅戲《玉天仙》給我留下了深刻的印象,把中國的歷史故事通過黃梅戲的藝術方式進行表達,表達得非常好,我想每個看過這部戲的人同時都在思考應該怎樣做人。中韓兩國的文化背景是相通的,中國優秀傳統文化黃梅戲在韓國是受歡迎的,雖然這次來韓國演出時間很短,但我相信你們完全可以成為中韓友好的使者。我要代表中國駐韓國大使館向你們表示敬意和感謝!”中國駐韓國大使邱國洪說。

(本文圖片攝影:敖彬偉)

Chinese Opera Play Wins Best International Drama Award in ROK

By Xue Ying, Ma Li, Guo Nan

On July 13, , a Chinese Huangmei Opera play, made its debut at the performance center of Hongki University in South Korea. The play was a joint production by Zhejiang Hongyi Film & TV Culture Co. Ltd and Anqing Huangmei Opera Troupe. It was the only Chinese Opera play staged at the 3rd Republic of Korea Theater Festival. It won the Best International Drama Award of the festival.

The original story of the play is about a wife and husband more than 2,000 years old. In the old story, the husband is a scholar who fails many times in the imperial civil service examination. The wife sees no future in the marriage and divorces him. The woman marries a butcher. A year after the divorce, the scholar comes out number one in the examination and is appointed a high-ranking government official. He comes back and gets his former wife and the butcher to live in his residence. The ex-wife later commits suicide for the unbearable shame. Fang Xiaoru, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), even wrote a poem to highlight the moral of the story, that is, a woman should stay with her husband for better or for worse.

Yu Qingfeng, a scriptwriter, read the story and became incensed. How could the woman stand the humiliation? Living like this was the laughing butt of the public. Yu read the story again and again, thinking the womans life is too miserable. She doesnt even have a complete name in the story. Yu decided to write a play to do justice to the woman. He believed that international audiences would embrace such a character.

The audience at the debut at the performance center surely understood the play even though most of the audience members had never heard of the opera genre. Huangmei Opera, or Yellow Plum Opera, is a regional opera especially popular in Anhui Province in eastern China. The audience responded to the play enthusiastically.

Zhang Hui is the Chinese man behind the troupes success at the theater festival. A showbiz promoter, he has successfully staged many shows of entertainment stars in Hangzhou over years. His company Hongyi is the only one of its kind in Zhejiang engaged in bringing showbiz shows overseas. With his behind-the-scene arrangement, , a musical, appeared at an international musical festival in the Republic of Korea in 2012 and won the best drama award and the best performance award. In 2008, he brought a ROK comedy to Hangzhous theater and caused a sensation.

Nowadays, Hongyi invites three groups of ROK performing artists to study and perform in Hangzhou per year. Each group stays for three months, respectively from April to December. The year 2018 is the fifth year of this cultural exchange program.

Zhang finds time to chat with these Korean performing artists through an interpretation APP on the mobile phone. It was during one of these chats that Zhang mentioned , which was in rehearsal then. Zhang brought Mr. Park Hyunsoon and Mr. Jung Daekyung, two influential decision-makers in the theater circles of ROK, all the way from Hangzhou to Anqing, a riverside city in Anhui Province bisected by the Yangtze River. If the two were any dubious about the play before the dress rehearsal, their doubt was gone afterwards. Before long, the two revisited Anqing, bringing two more colleagues along. They watched another dress rehearsal and decided to invite the troupe to perform the play at the 3rd ROK Theater Festival in July 2018.

“The four of us watched the play and had three different opinions. What we saw were different. One valued the concern with the womans rights and interests. One felt that you shouldnt break the marriage when the other half was down and out. One believed the scholar was a bad guy. The value of the play is that it gives people food for thought. The 20-year-olds and the 40-year-olds see different things. Men and women concern themselves with different issues of the play,” commented Park. Park has watched Chinese opera plays for more than 20 years.

On July 14, the troupe from Anqing performed for professional artists from the theater circles and cultural circles at China Cultural Center in Seoul. It was an event sponsored by Chinese embassy in ROK.

After the successful debut at the theater festival, the troupe received two more invitations for performance in October 2018 from Gwangju and Daejeon, two important cities in ROK. The troupe has also received an invitation to perform in five other cities in ROK in March 2019.

“I found impressive. It presents an ancient story exquisitely. I believe everyone who watched the play will examine many issues in life. China and Republic of Korea share a common cultural background and thats why the Huangmei Opera play was well received. Though your stay here is brief, you are friendship ambassadors for China and Korea. Id like to say thank you to you on the behalf of the Chinese embassy in ROK,” said MR. Qiu Guohong, Chinese ambassador in ROK.

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