杭州女孩“畫”了一部音樂劇

王湛

伊麗莎白，也就是我們熟悉的茜茜公主，她的生平多次被搬上銀幕，1992年被改編成音樂劇《伊麗莎白》，一度成為觀眾心中甜美夢幻的代表。當我們還在為其動容時，浙大女孩陳嘉凝則用自己獨特的方式向《伊麗莎白》致敬。

今年春天，由她創作的《音樂劇〈伊麗莎白〉紀念畫集》德文版在德國發售。這本畫集改編自著名德國音樂劇《伊麗莎白》，由浙江人民美術社出版。46幅作品，畫完茜茜公主一生，全部出自陳嘉凝之手，整個過程歷時兩年半。

今年3月，德國萊比錫書展開幕當天，陳嘉凝還參加了與歐洲讀者的見面會。現場，承辦方中國外文局所屬中國圖書貿易有限公司法人代表黃玉龍表示：“這部文藝作品拉近了中、德、奧三國人民的距離，青年人毫無疑問應當肩負起文化交流的使命，陳嘉凝在這方面就起到了一個很好的示范作用。我們很歡迎更多他國的優秀文化走進中國，更期待看到優秀的中華文化走出去。”

每天8小時反復聽歌劇

暗夜下，黑袍里，每個人默不作聲，卻暗暗指引，將刺殺者盧切尼引向茜茜公主。他一步步靠近公主，尖銳物穿透茜茜公主胸膛，開出紅色玫瑰——25歲的杭州姑娘陳嘉凝最喜歡這幅作品。

如今的陳嘉凝是浙江大學設計學專業研究生三年級學生，距離她創作本科畢業設計作品《音樂劇〈伊麗莎白〉紀念畫集》已經過去3年。

2015年1月3日，陳嘉凝帶著父母來到上海文化廣場，觀看她期待已久的德國音樂劇《伊麗莎白》。這部以19世紀的歐洲為背景的音樂劇，講述了奧匈帝國皇后伊麗莎白反抗命運、追尋自由的一生。音樂劇由德國著名音樂劇作家米歇爾·昆策和匈牙利著名音樂家西爾維斯特·里維創作，首演于1992年，如今已成為德語音樂劇的標桿。一出劇院，她告訴父母和導師，“我的畢業設計要做《伊麗莎白》，我一定要做《伊麗莎白》，我必須做《伊麗莎白》。”

那時的陳嘉凝是浙江大學視覺傳達專業的大四學生，面對畢業設計的選題，她也糾結。大一在課堂上看過這部音樂劇，她“一直很喜歡，來回重復看”。但現場的觀感讓陳嘉凝震撼，“沉浸在劇場里，你能看見聲音，空氣像水一樣在蕩漾。”四年來，這部劇一直是她的心頭愛，“我要用自己的方式向《伊麗莎白》致敬，表達我對它的喜歡。”

花了一個月時間設計草圖、構思裝幀。離6月份的畢業展覽還剩4個月的時間，“打完草稿就按照草稿流水線操作，能畫的先畫，不能畫的推到后面畫。”每天沉浸在92年首演版、05年重演版和07年日本版三個不同版本的《伊麗莎白》音樂劇中，歌詞帶給陳嘉凝創作靈感，“一邊畫，一邊聽，從早到晚每天放八個小時，搞得我媽都會唱了。”

畫一本書來重現音樂劇

陳嘉凝說，這冊畫集是本固體音樂劇。

《音樂劇〈伊麗莎白〉紀念畫集》里，畫像的靈感來自音樂劇《伊麗莎白》，文字來自音樂劇里的德語歌詞。而封面上、目錄里、畫集里布著的小點，是陳嘉凝有意為之。學過鋼琴的她，把音樂劇的調子用五線譜表現出來。抽離五線譜，剩下的就是一串串點。“我希望所有元素都是有意義的，每一串點都對應一個旋律。這段旋律就是這首歌的logo（標志），可以唱出來。這本書本身就在歌唱。”陳嘉凝說。

“我要在書里重現這部音樂劇，想盡可能按照原劇來畫，我不是刻意參照某個版本的音樂劇。歷史上的茜茜很喜歡海涅，為此我去找了海涅的詩選來看。”音樂劇里，茜茜公主和“死神”跳最后一支舞的畫面，陳嘉凝在海涅的《唐·拉米羅》找到了原型，“當時覺得是個小驚喜。”

對應于劇中茜茜公主的兒子飲彈自盡一幕，陳嘉凝在畫上打了個孔，孔的邊緣呈黑色灰漬，孔的下一頁恰巧對應紅色畫面。她想表現彈孔，讓讀者在書里看到動態的畫面。

陳嘉凝告訴筆者：“書的形式，比如布滿的小點，翻頁的過程，比如‘彈孔的表達，給人不同體驗。我想打破傳統書籍的形式，打破傳統的閱讀體驗。我希望把書籍、音樂劇和舞臺聯系起來，讓書籍獲得新的意義。”

終于拿下原作者版權授權

創作畫集時，她就想著出版，向《伊麗莎白》致敬。但畫集里運用了《伊麗莎白》的歌詞，陳嘉凝必須取得劇本作者米歇爾·昆策的授權。

“父親年輕時從事德國的外事工作，在德國有一個合作了20多年的好朋友。那位朋友幫我跟昆策聯系，昆策給了我他的郵箱和地址。”陳嘉凝把畫集寄給昆策，詢問是否可以出版。

“等了快兩個月，覺得沒任何希望了。我媽一直問我書什么時候出，我壓力很大，跟她說你不要問這個事情了，沒有授權是不可能出的。”那段時間，陳嘉凝也焦慮。朋友建議她換個名字，以其他劇的名義出。“我覺得這是向《伊麗莎白》致敬，這是我最喜歡的音樂劇，我希望我的畫集能保持和《伊麗莎白》的聯系，我就憋著不出。”倔強地等了兩個月，終于等到了昆策同意出版的郵件。出版時，她總共創作了46幅作品。

“我們想真正理解伊麗莎白是不可能的。”陳嘉凝覺得，她和昆策的某些想法是相通的。“昆策不喜歡人家說他的劇本展現最真實的伊麗莎白的一生。每個人認識到的茜茜公主都不一樣，她不可能被真實認識到。”茜茜公主在陳嘉凝心中是甜美的童話，她也看到“茜茜公主不是一個稱職的皇后，不是一個稱職的母親，但她追求自己的生活沒有錯。”“她只是個普通人，有欲望，遇到問題也會逃避，會想辦法解決，沒有對錯，她只是個被放錯了位置的公主，她不適合做皇后。”陳嘉凝說。

“畫集形式上新穎有趣，用繪本的方式來詮釋一部音樂劇，這在出版物中還比較少見。它對中德之間的文化交流會起到有價值的促進作用。”浙江人民美術出版社《音樂劇〈伊麗莎白〉紀念畫集》責任編輯褚潮歌說。

2017月10月，陳嘉凝帶著自己的畫集回到《伊麗莎白》的原作地，去德國參加法蘭克福書展。那一次，她沒有約到昆策見面。她回想起之前在上海見到的昆策，“他七十多歲，長得好高，一身黑，夾帶著冷冽之氣。我覺得他帶著黑貓就可以去演《教父》了。”

Hangzhou Girl Turns Musical into Paintings

By Wang Zhan

Chen Jianing， a third-year graduate student with Zhejiang University in Hangzhou， spent two and half a year publishing 46 paintings portraying Empress Elisabeth of Austria， better known as Sisi to Chinese filmgoers and theatergoers.

She got to know about the legendary empress when she watched a video film of the musical in her first year at Zhejiang University. She became so fascinated with the beauty that， a few years later， she brought her parents all the way from Hangzhou to Shanghai to watch a performance of ， a Viennese， German-language musical， with book/lyrics by Michael Kunze and music by Sylvester Levay. It has been translated into seven languages and seen by over ten million spectators worldwide， making it the most successful German-language musical of all time.

It was January 3， 2015. When she stepped out of the theater in Shanghai， she had already made up her mind that her graduation work would be a series of paintings of Empress Elisabeth of Austria as portrayed in the musical.

She spent about a month making sketches and planning the whole album. She was supposed to hand in her graduation work in June， 2015. After all the sketches were done， she began to paint. While painting， she listened to three versions of the musical， the debut production in 1992， a production in 2005， and a Japanese production in 2007. She listened to the musical eight hours a day. Even her mother learned to sing the arias of the musical.

While planning the paintings， she thought of publishing them as a book. As she used lyrics from the musical， she needed to get the authorization of Michael Kunze. Her father offered to help. He had worked in Germany before and knew a friend in Germany whom he had worked with for over 20 years. The friend in Germany got Michael Kunzes email and snail mail address for the young artist. She got all the paintings ready and sent Kunze a copy of her paintings. A publisher in Zhejiang was ready to go with the project， but there was no word from Michael Kunze. Some friends advised her to change the title of the book and make sure it had nothing to do with the musical. She didnt want to change the name as she thought the book would be her way to pay respects to ， her favorite musical. She wanted to keep the connection or she wouldnt care to publish it. She waited for two months before the authorization came from Michael Kunze in an email.

“It wouldnt be possible to understand Empress Elisabeth of Austria completely，” commented Chen Jianing， “Michael Kunze dislikes the idea that his libretto best portrays the life and death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria. Everyone has an Elisabeth in his or her mind. There is no knowing the empress completely.” In Chens understanding， the legendary woman is just a fairytale. She doesnt think Elisabeth was a competent empress or creditable mother， but there is no denying that she had every right to pursue her life in her own way.

“This book explains a musical with illustrations， which is a rare publication. It promotes cultural exchanges between China and Germany，” commented Zu Chaoge， editor of Chens book of illustrations.

In October 2017， Chen Jianing brought the book to Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany， where the musical originated. She wasnt able to meet Michael Kunze. She had seen the lyrics writer in Shanghai. “He was in his 70s. He was tall and dressed in black. He gave me an impression of coolness. I thought he didnt need much change to act as Godfather with a black cat，”

In March， 2018， Chen Jianing attended a meeting-the-reader event at Leipzig Book Fair in Germany. “The book brings peoples of China， Germany and Austria closer. Young people should carry on the mission of cultural exchanges. Chen Jianing demonstrates how she is doing it. We look forward to more cultural products coming to China from overseas and we look forward to more Chinese cultural products going global，” remarked Huang Yulong， legal representative of China Book Trading GmbH CBT affiliated with China International Publishing Group.