that用法歸納

徐明生　王海江

that是英語中一個不可小覷的單詞，無論是閱讀還是寫作，無論是書面語還是英語口語，that可以說無處不在。因此，掌握that的用法很有必要。下面總結一下that的基本用法。

一、引導名詞性從句

即引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，也不作任何句子成分，只起引導作用。

1. 引導主語從句

由于中英語言文化的差異，漢語沒有主語從句。如，“英語很重要不是人人都認同的。”漢語語法認為，“英語很重要”是主位詞組做句子的主語。而英語句子“That English is of vital importance is not acknowledged by all.”中，That English is of vital importance是主語從句。雖然that沒有任何意義，也不作任何句子成分，只起引導作用，但是卻不能省略。如：

That English teacher can speak fluent English is a fundamental requirement.

2. 引導賓語從句

引導賓語從句的that一般可以省略，但在以下六種情況下，一般不能省略。

（1）兩個以上的賓語從句并列時，從第二個從句開始，that 不能省略。如：

Jack was informed（that）he had been enrolled in Sun Yat-sen University，and that he should register by August.

（2）介詞后引導賓語從句的that 不能省略。如：

His parents expected him nothing but/except that he can make a living by himself after graduation.

（3）主句的謂語動詞與that引導的賓語從句之間有插入語時，that不可省略。如：

The head teacher told Jack， after a short hesitation， that he could have a day off on condition that he could make up for the missing lessons.

（4）形容詞后引導賓語從句的that一般不省略。如：

Marys parents are very content that their daughter has made such great progress in the final examination.

（5）在 it（形式賓語）+ adj.（補足語）+ that（賓語從句）結構中， that不能省略。如：

Everyone believes it strange that he could pass the driving test.

（6）在直接引語中，that引導的賓語從句與主句隔開時，that不能省略。如：

“Im sorry to say，” he said， “that you are not the suitable person for the work.”

3. 引導表語從句

表語從句位于連系動詞后，引導表語從句的that一般不能省略。如：

My advice is that everyone be punctual for the appointment.

特別注意：下列句式中的that一般不能用because代替。

The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus.

4. 引導同位從句

同位語從句就是在news， information， fact， word， idea等抽象名詞之后，說明其具體內容的從句。引導同位語從句的that一般不能省略。如：

Based on the fact that you are enthusiastic about Chinese culture， Im writing to invite you to get involved in it.

二、引導定語從句

that常被用來代替關系代詞which或who，引導定語從句。以下幾種情況，多用that而不用which或who。

1. 當先行詞是表示事物的all， any， anything， everything， nothing或被all， any， every等修飾時。如：

Do you have anything that you are puzzled with？

All that can be done must be done.

2. 當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時。如：

It is one of the most touching movies that have been shown this month.

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.

3. 當先行詞有the only， the very， the same， the last 等修飾時。如：

The only thing that is impressive is his unforgettable experience in Beijing.

4. 當主句以who或which開頭的疑問句時。如：

Who is the girl that is delivering a speech over there？

5. 當先行詞既有人又有物時。如：

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.

三、引導狀語從句

1. that 可引導目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句，that一般不省略。如：

The story is so touching that we will bear in our mind for a long period.

An English Speech Contest will be organized so that/ in order that students can improve their oral English.

四、用作替代詞

My seat is next to that of Marys.

The temperature in Guangdong is higher than that in Beijing.

五、用作副詞

Thanks for your encouragement， but actually my handwriting isnt that beautiful.

六、 用在強調句型中

It was what you said that sparked his motivation to work hard.

七、用在一些成語中

1. like that 像這樣

Do you usually speak to your parents like that？

2. Thats it. 說對了。

Thats it. Youve described exactly what I felt about the film.

3. Thatthat. 情況就是如此。

Well， the only task for you is to clean the blackboard in time， and thats that.

4. with that接著，然后

He said goodbye to me and with that he left.

總之， that是英語考試中非常活躍的詞匯之一。了解并掌握它的用法對英語學習和測試成績的提高會有所幫助。

責任編輯 蔣小青