詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)秒解完形填空題

董耀忠

一、語篇中的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)

在完形填空題中，詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)取決于語法規(guī)則和詞匯的語義特征。這種復(fù)現(xiàn)是指在同一話題和同一語義場下各個詞之間存在的語義的親疏關(guān)系，即相同、相近、相似、相反、相對和相屬等。對完形填空題，考生可利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，有效推敲并快速選擇最佳答案。

1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例1 That night，thetwoofthem_36_（sat）sidebyside at the piano. They played jazz music to celebratetheir new home. The loud _37 filled the room and madethem feel very happy...

The next moming， however， their happiness disap-peared. Someone had left a 39 under their door duringthe night. One of their neighbor had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano. Dario's motherasked the building superintendent（管理員）if he knewanything about it...

One woman，Mrs. Gilbert，presented Dario'smother with a book of piano music by Chopin...

...She said “...So I wrote a short note.I hope youdon't think I disliked the playing.”

37.A.voice

B.ring C.music

D.cry

39.A.note

B.poster C.bill

D.report

解析：答案分別為C和A。這兩道題表面上看是名詞詞義辨析，實(shí)際上均是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)題。初步分析，備選項(xiàng)的詞性均符合文章結(jié)構(gòu)需要，大意也都能適用于此，但多數(shù)偏離了文章主旨話題。37空是前文jazz muslc的復(fù)現(xiàn)，文章前后跨度較小；39空是后文中a short note的復(fù)現(xiàn)，文章前后跨度較大，選擇有一定難度。

2.同（近）義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例2 I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to myparents.I told them I was 26 （giving up） and comingback home.I said I couldn't stand it one minute longer.I 27 （would rather） be in prison！ My father answeredmy 28 with just two lines-two lines that will alwayssingin my 29 （memory）-two lines that completelychanged mylife.

28.A.request

B.call

C.question D.letter

解析：答案為D。表面上看是名詞詞義辨析，實(shí)際上是同義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。從局部來看request，question，call，均可與answer搭配，但前文中wrote to my par-ents限定了答案只能為letter才能對應(yīng)。

3.反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例3 I passed by a girl who _38

her books out ofher locker. Thinking like most that someone else wouldhelp her pick them up，I continued my way. However，whenlhad to 39 （go back） because I stupidly forgot mybook，I noticed she had just finished packing them up byherself. No one had stopped to_40_ （help） her.

38.A.took B.dropped C.got D.pulled

解析：答案為B。表面上看是動詞詞義辨析，且均為過去式，符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要。但是，對前后句意稍加理解可知，答案應(yīng)為pick up的反義詞，并且復(fù)現(xiàn)了幾次。

4.上（下）義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例4 About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of_20_，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area……

20.A.material

B.resources

C.waste

D.goods

解析：答案為C。此題不是表面上的名詞詞義辨析。實(shí)際上，toilet paper，beer cans，empty boxes是waste的下義詞。waste在此處為“廢品”之意。

5.概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例5 Once fire anf emergency people arrive，Larry and the other man 56 （backed off） and let themgo to work. Then，Larry asked the 57 if he was neededor 58 （free） to go. They let him and the other man go.

57.A.woman

B.police

C.man

D.driver

解析：答案為B。此題并非對四個名詞詞義的辨析，撇開詞義，四個備選項(xiàng)均符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)需要。實(shí)際上，從fire and emergency people處可知答案，police是fire and emergency people的概括詞。

6.代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例6 I then _32 （realized）l had no right to placemyselfabove 33 just because he was busking...

33.A.it B.all C.him D.them

解析：答案為C。此題明顯是對代詞替代問題的考查，基于前后句意，答案him是對從句中he的替代。

二、語篇中的詞匯同現(xiàn)

在完形填空題中，詞匯的同現(xiàn)指的是話題、意義、邏輯關(guān)系和表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)上相關(guān)的詞匯出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中，構(gòu)成以某一話題為中心的詞匯鏈。利用這種詞匯同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，也不失為確定完形填空題

答案的一種有效途徑。

1.話題相關(guān)詞匯同現(xiàn)

例7 I know that discs were veryexpensive and I really didn't have a lot of30 to get started...

30.A.money

B.time

C.energy

D.knowledge

解析：答案為A。很明顯，備選項(xiàng)中能夠和ex-pensive形成同一個語義場的選項(xiàng)是money，即money與expensive雖不是同詞性的詞，但是為同一話題相關(guān)詞匯的同現(xiàn)。

2.意義相關(guān)詞匯同現(xiàn)

例8 Satisfied that I'd done a good job，I wouldhappily retum the comb to Dad. He would 30 affec-tionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.

30.A.stare

B.smile

C.shout

D.laugh

解析：答案為B。表面上看是考查動詞詞義辨析——share（分享），smile（微笑），shout（叫喊），laugh（笑），實(shí)際上是考查對語境的理解和把控。上文介紹作者將梳子清洗干凈后，會高興地（happily）將梳子還給爸爸，爸爸當(dāng)然會微笑（smile）了。laugh在語義上雖然相關(guān)，但表達(dá)效果不如smile。

3.結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)

例9 Whenl handed him the gift card，saying hecould use it for 54_his family might need ，he burst intotears...

54.A.whoever

B.whatever

C. whichever

D.whenever

解析：答案為B。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞for后面為賓語從句，his family might need中缺少動詞need的賓語，按語法規(guī)則就應(yīng)用連接詞what或whatever。

4.同義同現(xiàn)

例10 The world is full of _46stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to some-one's 47 （passing） interest...

46.A.well-organized

B.colorfully-printed

C.newly-collected

D.half-filled

解析：答案為D。表面上看備選項(xiàng)均為合成的分詞形容詞，故選擇任務(wù)僅落在語義上。and為并列結(jié)構(gòu)的連接詞，unfinished為half-filled的同義同現(xiàn)詞。

5.邏輯同現(xiàn)

例11 My hands started to ache as I 51 （tumed）the heavy metal wheels.I came to know that controllingthe 52 （direction） of the wheelchair was not going to bea（an） 53 task.

53.A.easy

B.heavy

C.major

D.extra

解析：答案為A。上句提到，撥動沉重的金屬輪子的時候，作者的手開始痛。既然輪子重，手又痛，可推斷撥動輪子并控制輪椅的方向不是一件容易（easy）的事情。heavy（繁重的），major（主要的），ex-tra（額外的）均與easy語意方向不一致，也不符合前后邏輯。