大氣CO2濃度升高對棉蚜生長繁殖及體內主要代謝產物的影響

楊勇 季慧敏 殷鴻洋 楊益眾 蘇宏華

摘要

大氣CO2濃度逐步升高對于不同取食方式的植食性昆蟲有著不同的影響。目前，大氣CO2濃度逐步升高對刺吸式口器昆蟲連續世代的直接和間接影響未見系統研究。本試驗研究了實驗室條件下不同CO2濃度（對照濃度360 μL/L和處理濃度720 μL/L）對連續3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡及棉蚜體內主要代謝物質的直接和間接影響。結果顯示：（1）直接影響：大氣CO2濃度升高對連續3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡的直接影響不顯著，但高濃度（720 μL/L）CO2環境中飼養的棉蚜體內總糖與總蛋白的含量顯著高于對照（360 μL/L）CO2處理。（2）間接影響：取食720 μL/L CO2環境下生長的棉葉，每一個世代棉蚜的繁殖數都顯著高于對照（取食360 μL/L 環境下生長的棉葉），但死亡率與對照相比無顯著差異。棉蚜體內總糖的含量顯著高于對照， 但是總蛋白的含量顯著低于對照。試驗結果表明CO2濃度升高對棉蚜無直接影響;主要通過改變寄主植物的營養物質而對棉蚜產生間接影響。CO2濃度升高會導致棉蚜種群的增長。

關鍵詞

CO2; 棉蚜; 繁殖; 死亡; 代謝物質

中圖分類號：

S 433.3

文獻標識碼： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2017393

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on development and

metabolites content of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii

YANG Yong， JI Huimin， YIN Hongyang， YANG Yizhong， SU Honghua

（School of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Yangzhou University， Yangzhou 225009， China）

Abstract

Elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has different effects on insects with different feeding ways. There is no systematic study about the direct and indirect effect of CO2 concentration elevation on the piercing sucking insects. The direct and indirect effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration （720 μL/L） on the reproduction， survival and some key metabolites of the three consecutive generations of cotton aphid were investigated in this study. The results showed that the atmospheric CO2 concentration had little direct impact on reproduction and death of the three consecutive generations of cotton aphid. After fed on the cotton leaves in the growth cabinet containing 720 μL/L of CO2， the content of sugar and protein was significantly higher than that of the control. The reproduction number of every generation was significantly higher than that of the control， but the mortality rate has no significant difference. After fed on the leaves of cotton planted in the environment containing 720 μL/L of CO2， the content of sugar was significantly higher than that of the control and the content of protein was significantly lower than that of the control. The results indicate that elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has little direct impact on cotton aphid population， but has significant indirect impacts through changing the nutrients of the host plants.

Key words

CO2; Aphis gossypii; reproduction; mortality; metabolism

過去的200年里， 大氣中CO2濃度增加了31%。有數據顯示，在18-19世紀大氣中CO2的濃度上升了大約10 μL/L，達到了290 μL/L。而20世紀大氣中CO2的濃度上升了大約77 μL/L，達到了367 μL/L[1]。目前，大氣CO2濃度為385 μL/L左右。聯合國政府間氣候變化委員會（IPPC）預計本世紀由于經濟增長和能源使用等將使CO2濃度增加到500～975 μL/L[2-3] 。由于溫室氣體濃度的增加，從1990年到2100年，全球平均氣溫將升高1.4～5.8℃[2]。CO2濃度持續升高是全球性的，無論在任何溫度帶下的生態系統都要受其影響。……