邁向教育強國之路

文/五花肉

伯樂與千里馬的千古佳話總是為人津津樂道。孰不知，如果沒有成熟的教育體制批量培養千里馬，伯樂縱有識珠慧眼，也最終將陷入無良駒可選的窘境。

People take delight in talking about the eternal story of Bole and the winged steed. However, without the mature education system fostering a large number of winged steeds, although Bole was good at recognizing the winged steed, he could be in a dilemma that no steed is available.

出仕引領官學

Official Schools Fostered the Officials

中國古代教育體制最早可追溯至西周，由官學主導，自漢代起漸成體系，出現以傳授儒家學說為核心的統一學制，奠定了“忠君尊孔”的教學標準。后歷經隋唐的發展，至明清趨于成熟，“儲才以應科目”，出仕成為當時官學的核心任務。

The earliest education system of ancient China can be traced back to Western Zhou Dynasty, when the official schools were dominant. Since Han Dynasty,it gradually formed a system. A uniform education system with the core of imparting the knowledge of Confucianism emerged, establishing the teaching standards of "Be loyal to the emperor and respect Confucius". After the development of Sui and Tang and academy of classical learning, were beginning to emerge, which tend to focus more on art and technical education.

Dynasties, this system entered its mature stage during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Reserving talents for imperial examination", fostering offcials was the core task of offcial schools at that time.

官私并舉成型

Official Schools and Private Schools DevelopedSimultaneously

明清時期，官學建設日益標準化，建立了中央國子監和地方鄉學兩級架構。作為官學的補充，更加注重藝術、技術教育，以私塾、書院為代表的私學開始興起，官私并舉的教育體制自此成型。

During Ming and Qing Dynasties, the construction of official schools was gradually standardized, and established two-level governmental educational institution hierarchies which were central official school and local offcial school. To supplement offcial schools, private schools, represented by private tutor

隨著科舉被廢黜，民國時期的教育采用了全新的“壬子癸丑”學制，首次提出普通、職業、師范三大教育體系，教育內容以人文科學、自然科學和職業技能為主，這也被視為現代學制的開端。

With imperial examination was deposed, education in the Republic of China era applied the ren-zi-gui-chou school system, first proposed general, vocational and normal educations mainly focusing the natural science and professional skill training. It is regarded as the beginning of the modern school system.

倡導終身教育

Advocating the Philosophy of Lifelong Education

1949年建國后，我國教育事業邁入高質量發展的快車道，確立了學前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的四等標準學制，統一教學大綱，發布《普通高等學校本科專業類教學質量國家標準》，強調多學科、多領域并重發展，相繼提出“211工程”“985工程”及“一流大學和一流學科建設”的高標準建設要求，逐步建立、完善成人繼續教育機制，為不同類型、不同需求的社會工作者提供多層次的終身教育機會，持續推進學習型社會建設。

Since 1949, China has stepped into a fast and highquality development period, set up a four-grade education system including preschool education,elementary education, secondary education and higher education, published the national standards on general institutes of higher education's teaching quality of undergraduate major, highlighting multi-disciplinary and multi-field development.Besides, China put forward Project 211, Project 985 and Double First-rate strategic plan, gradually built up and perfected the continuing education,which provides multi-layered lifetime education opportunity for social workers with different needs and promotes the building of a learning society.

結 語

Conclusion

從“學而優則仕”到“高質量發展”，在我國教育事業發展的不同歷史時期，標準化理念始終潛移默化地助推教育目標、教育體制和教育內容轉型升級，為中華民族偉大復興奠定了堅實的人才基礎。

From "a good scholar will make an offcial" to "highquality development", throughout the different historical stages of China's education development,standardization always has an imperceptible impact on the transformation and upgrading of educational objectives, education system and educational content, laying a solid talent foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.