高蘇蘇 于文成
摘 要:特發性肺含鐵血黃素沉著癥是一種罕見的可能致命的彌漫性肺泡內出血性疾病。原因未明,以廣泛的肺毛細血管出血為特點,血紅蛋白分解后形成的以含鐵血黃素形式沉著在肺泡間質,最后導致肺纖維化。多發生于新生兒及兒童,反復咯血、缺鐵性貧血和彌散性肺浸潤三聯征是其特征性表現。經鐵染色檢測痰、胃液、支氣管肺泡灌洗液或肺組織發現含鐵血黃素巨噬細胞是最為重要的診斷方法。激素及免疫抑制劑是目前治療的方法,因其臨床表現不具有特異性所以誤診率極高,所以早期診斷十分重要,早期干預可降低病死率。
關鍵詞:特發性肺含鐵血黃素沉著癥;診斷;治療
中圖分類號:R563.7 文獻標識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.17.016
文章編號:1006-1959(2018)17-0049-05
Abstract:Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare,potentially fatal,diffuse alveolar hemorrhagic disease.The reason is unknown.It is characterized by extensive pulmonary capillary hemorrhage.The hemoglobin decomposes and forms hemosiderin in the form of hemosiderin,which eventually leads to pulmonary fibrosis.It occurs mostly in newborns and children.Repeated hemoptysis,iron deficiency anemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltration are characteristic features.The detection of hemosiderin macrophages by iron staining for sputum,gastric juice,bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue is the most important diagnostic method.Hormones and immunosuppressive agents are currently the treatment methods.Because their clinical manifestations are not specific,the rate of misdiagnosis is extremely high,so early diagnosis is very important,and early intervention can reduce the mortality rate.
Key words:Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis;Diagnosis;Treatment
特發性肺含鐵血黃素沉著癥(idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis,IPH)是一種罕見的可能致命的彌漫性肺泡內出血性疾病,這種疾病是由Rudolf Virchow在1864年首次描述的,1931年Geelan等人總結了該病的臨床特點,故又稱Geelan病[1]。該病目前病因未明,可能與免疫、環境等因素相關。IPH多發生于新生兒及兒童,反復咯血、缺鐵性貧血和彌散性肺浸潤三聯征是其特征性表現。因其臨床表現不具有特異性,大部分患者最初會被誤診為貧血或胃腸道出血,誤診率極高,所以早期診斷十分重要。本文簡述IPH的病因、發病機制、臨床表現及診療方法,以期有助于該病的臨床診治。
1流行病學
IPH的發病率大約為0.24~1.23人/百萬人,多發生于新生兒及兒童,約1/5發生于成人[2],偶見于老年人。Chen XY等人[3]對37例患者的臨床研究中發現,診斷中位年齡為34歲(18~83歲),57%在30歲以后被診斷出,癥狀發作的中位年齡為25歲,平均診斷時間延遲2.3年。……