劉毅 范鵬程 曾學(xué)民
摘 要:目的 監(jiān)測四川省成都市三區(qū)縣外環(huán)境中禽類流行性感冒(禽流感)病毒的分布狀況,為人禽流感防控提供參考依據(jù)。方法 我中心在2017年5月~2018年5月采用實時熒光定量PCR檢測成都市三區(qū)縣外環(huán)境中甲型流感通用病毒,再將陽性標(biāo)本進行H5、H7、N9和H9分型,采用χ2檢驗比較定性資料。結(jié)果 在497份樣本中,甲型流感病毒陽性標(biāo)本87份,檢出率為17.91%;分型實驗中,H5、H7、N9和H9分別檢出7份、6份、12份和41份,其陽性檢出率依次為1.41%、1.21%、2.41%、8.25%,未分型成功23份,占總樣本的4.63%。結(jié)論 成都市三區(qū)縣外環(huán)境存在禽流感病毒污染,有人感染禽流感風(fēng)險;需加強對外環(huán)境及高危人群禽流感監(jiān)測,并規(guī)范對市場的管理機制,落實消毒和檢疫準(zhǔn)入等預(yù)防措施。
關(guān)鍵詞:禽流感;監(jiān)測;外環(huán)境
中圖分類號:R181.8;R511.7 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.17.036
文章編號:1006-1959(2018)17-0119-03
Abstract:Objective To monitor the distribution of avian influenza(avian influenza)virus in the external environment the three districts of Chengdu,Sichuan province,and provide reference for the prevention and control of human avian influenza.Methods From May 2017 to May 2018,our center used real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect influenza A virus in the external environment of the three districts of Chengdu.The positive samples were classified into H5,H7,N9 and H9,qualitative data were compared using the χ2 test.Results Among the 497 samples,87 were positive for influenza A virus,and the detection rate was 17.91%.In the typing experiment,7,6,12 and 41 were detected for H5,H7,N9 and H9,respectively.The positive detection rate was 1.41%,1.21%,2.41%,and 8.25%,and 23 cases were untyped,accounting for 4.63% of the total sample.Conclusion There is avian influenza virus contamination in the external environment the three districts of Chengdu,and some people are infected with avian influenza.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of avian influenza in the external environment and high-risk population,and regulate the market management mechanism and implement preventive measures such as disinfection and quarantine access.
Key words:Avian influenza;Monitoring;External environment
禽類流行性感冒又稱禽流感(avian influenza),是由甲型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)引起的禽類間的傳染病,一般不會感染人,但由于病毒在復(fù)制時其RNA不穩(wěn)定,易發(fā)生基因突變、重組,從而獲得感染人的能力,導(dǎo)致人禽流感疾病的發(fā)生,近年來在人群中造成嚴(yán)重的公共健康的威脅[1,2]。根據(jù)病毒致病性強弱,分為高致病性、低致病性和非致病性三類,目前引起人禽流感主要為H5N1、H7N1、H7N9和H9N2等[3]。2016年成都市連續(xù)確診1例人感染H5N1、1例重癥肺炎感染H9N2,通過流行病學(xué)調(diào)查2例患者均有活禽市場暴露史[4,5]。為了解成都市三區(qū)縣環(huán)境禽流感病毒的動態(tài)分布情況及其差異,科學(xué)開展預(yù)警預(yù)測工作,成華區(qū)疾控中心按照成都市疾控中心的要求,自2017年5月起,開展成華區(qū)、大邑縣、崇州市三地的外環(huán)境禽流感監(jiān)測。……