PKNS總部，莎阿南，馬來(lái)西亞

概念設(shè)計(jì)：阿茲里爾·阿米爾·賈法爾/維利塔斯建筑師事務(wù)所

Conceptual Design Architect: Azril Amir Jaafar/VERITAS Architects Sdn. Bhd.

1 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

莎阿南綠色新標(biāo)志

在完善的公園旁建樓這一提議將會(huì)引起公眾對(duì)這個(gè)方案的密切關(guān)注。考慮到公眾可能對(duì)場(chǎng)地周邊環(huán)境較為敏感，該建筑力圖尋找巧妙的平衡：既能滿足客戶對(duì)打造一個(gè)新地標(biāo)性建筑作為其企業(yè)新形象的需求，又能同時(shí)滿足公園的公共需求及對(duì)周邊的功能作用。在設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)始時(shí)，綠色設(shè)計(jì)方案便被選為連接各方的紐帶，試圖創(chuàng)建一座讓業(yè)主、公眾和整座城市都深感自豪的生態(tài)建筑。

被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)方法——朝向與布局

就整體的體量、朝向和內(nèi)部布局而言，如果要在建筑中最有效地利用能源，那么在最初就采取正確的方法將變得至關(guān)重要。

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，建筑體量被分割成一系列較小的體塊，而它們之間的蔭蔽過(guò)渡空間猶如一個(gè)個(gè)廣場(chǎng)。正是這些廣場(chǎng)加快了體塊間的空氣流動(dòng)，不僅被動(dòng)地冷卻了建筑，還創(chuàng)造了宜人的通風(fēng)空間。

此外，該設(shè)計(jì)讓大部分的玻璃立面朝向南北方向，充分利用了場(chǎng)地東西向的線性方向——這樣便大大減弱了從東到西的太陽(yáng)直射。同時(shí)，衛(wèi)生間和儲(chǔ)藏室等服務(wù)空間坐落在大樓的東西區(qū)域，起到了與實(shí)際工作空間的隔離緩沖作用。這些經(jīng)過(guò)規(guī)劃的被動(dòng)措施減少了建筑內(nèi)部熱量的產(chǎn)生，從而減少了冷卻建筑所需的能量。

環(huán)境響應(yīng)性空間

這樣的設(shè)計(jì)不僅創(chuàng)造了一棟相對(duì)可測(cè)量的節(jié)能建筑，還努力在室內(nèi)及大樓內(nèi)外打造高品質(zhì)的空間，供使用者享受。

從外部看，建筑大膽地采用了巨型草皮覆蓋屋頂。除了能在自然環(huán)境中降低建筑的存在感，屋頂?shù)牟萜哼€為公眾提供了獨(dú)特的公共空間，在不影響建筑功能的情況下扮演公園的角色。由此，大樓新增了約1.09hm2的公共戶外用地。

從綠色設(shè)計(jì)的角度來(lái)看，草皮屋頂及其土壤系統(tǒng)為該建筑的屋頂提供了良好的隔離作用，大大減少了屋頂向建筑內(nèi)部的熱量傳遞。除此之外，草坪屋頂還削弱了熱島效應(yīng)對(duì)城市的影響。

利用照進(jìn)室內(nèi)的自然光，建筑的內(nèi)部空間被設(shè)計(jì)成略有深度的開(kāi)放式辦公空間。大樓的周圍鋪有遮陽(yáng)板，以便讓光線反射進(jìn)內(nèi)部空間。在盡量引入自然光的同時(shí)，該設(shè)計(jì)恰如其分地將遮陽(yáng)元素與建筑特征相結(jié)合，尤其為窗戶邊緣等處減少眩光。

2 外景/Exterior view

除了用戶可控的工作照明外，與運(yùn)動(dòng)傳感器及日光傳感器相連的高效LED照明和T5電子照明也被用于室內(nèi)空間，確保適當(dāng)且無(wú)過(guò)度的照明水平以完成預(yù)期的任務(wù)。

機(jī)械通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)將利用CO2傳感器調(diào)節(jié)新鮮空氣的引入量，以適應(yīng)用戶需求和熱回收轉(zhuǎn)輪。

主動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)、可再生能源和回收計(jì)劃

除了采取被動(dòng)式方法外，該項(xiàng)目還探討了各種主動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)方案的運(yùn)用，如收集可再生能源、雨水以及回收廢物和灰水等等。

該建筑的目標(biāo)是成為全國(guó)最節(jié)能的大樓，建筑能耗密度（BEI）需滿足每年88kWh/m2。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，空調(diào)、通風(fēng)、照明、電梯等各種能耗模式均被優(yōu)化，而走廊等部分區(qū)域則采用了自然通風(fēng)。

除了利用被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)降低熱透射率外，該項(xiàng)目還優(yōu)先考慮了采用超絕緣屋頂、墻體和窗戶等圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)（U值：墻體為0.5W/m2K，綠色屋頂為0.4W/m2K，低輻射雙層玻璃為1.2W/m2K）。

一棟大樓60%左右的建筑能耗均用于空調(diào)，因此在減少建筑內(nèi)部空調(diào)使用需求的同時(shí)，該大樓也強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)其他創(chuàng)新方式進(jìn)一步降低空調(diào)能耗。該項(xiàng)目采用了一種新型冷卻系統(tǒng)，由大約2120m2的太陽(yáng)能集熱器供電——是世界上最大的太陽(yáng)能空調(diào)系統(tǒng)之一。這樣一來(lái)，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)10%左右的能源需求都來(lái)自可再生能源。

在節(jié)水方面，所有的衛(wèi)生間和灌溉用水均來(lái)自雨水以及回收的灰水，從而減少了60%以上的用水量。另外，滴灌系統(tǒng)、雙沖水馬桶和紅外線水龍頭都有助于高效用水。

該項(xiàng)目的回收活動(dòng)集中在辦公用品的加工上，以便物盡其用。專用垃圾箱可收集（回收）紙張、紙板、塑料瓶、杯子、金屬罐和玻璃瓶等各種物品。在施工過(guò)程中，該項(xiàng)目采用系統(tǒng)模板，盡量減少木材的使用與建筑垃圾的產(chǎn)生，而原本要被丟棄的垃圾里有75%被加以回收利用。除此之外，在場(chǎng)地清理期間，公園或莎阿南的其他地方有78棵（超過(guò)半數(shù)）樹(shù)木被搶救和移植，而非棄置于垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。

總結(jié)

設(shè)計(jì)旨在建造一棟綠色建筑：不僅僅是一個(gè)標(biāo)志性的“漂綠”象征物，還能成為真正有效的節(jié)能解決方案——為人們提供有趣的空間，讓大家盡享與自然環(huán)境無(wú)縫融合的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀。□

（王單單 譯）

3 外景/Exterior view

Shah Alam new green icon

Proposing a building next to a well-established public park opens up a serious public scrutiny of the scheme. Acknowledging the sensitivity surrounding the site, the project aims to intricately balance between the needs of the client to have a new landmark building as a symbolof their new corporate image whilst maintaining the public requirement of a park and the functions surrounding it. Green design initiatives were adopted at the onset of the design process to link the objectives together in an attempt to create a green building where the owner, the public and the city can be proud of.

Passive design approach - orientation and Layout

The right approach at the very beginning in terms of overall massing, orientation and internal layout is paramount in an attempt to get the most efficient use of energy in a building.

In general the building massing is broken up into series of smaller blocks with the shaded transition spaces as plazas in between them. The plazas promote air flow between the blocks creating pleasant airy spaces apart from passively cooling down the building.

Besides that the design takes full advantage of the east and west linear orientation of site by locating the most of the glazed fa?ades facing the north and south direction. By doing this the solar transmission from the east and west direct sun greatly reduced. In addition to that the services spaces such as toilets and storage are located on the east west sections of the building blocks which became insulating buffer to the actual working space. These are some of the passive measures through planning that reduce heat generation in the interior of the building therefore reducing energy required to cool the building.

Environmentally responsive spaces

Apart from creating a relatively measurable energy efficient building, the design also strives to create quality spaces inside, within and outside the buildings for the occupant to enjoy.

Externally, the building is boldly covered by a large grass roof. Besides masking the existence of a built object within a nature's setting the grass provide unique civic spaces for the public to enjoy the park without interfere with the building function. A totalof 1.09hm2of outdoor area for public use was be added.

From the green design perspectives, the grass roof with its soil system provides excellent insulation on the roof of the building that greatly reduces heat transmission to the interior of the building from the roof. In addition, it also reduce heat island effect towards the city.

The internal spaces of the building were designed as an open plan office space with the appropriate depths to take advantage of the natural light coming into the spaces. Light shelves are also introduced along the perimetre of the building to bounce light deeper into the spaces.While maximising the natural light penetration into the building, care also taken to reduce glare especially at the immediate fringes of the windows by incorporating shading elements with appropriate architectural features.

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

Efficient LED and T5 electric lighting linked to motion and daylight sensors in addition to user controllable task lightings are also incorporated within the interior spaces to ensure appropriate and non-excessive levelof lighting for the intended tasks.

The mechanical ventilation system will make use of CO2sensors to modulate fresh air intake to suit the occupancy requirements and heat recovery wheels.

Active design, renewable energy and recycling initiatives

In addition to the passive approach, the project also explored the incorporation of various active initiatives such as harvesting renewable energy and rain water as well as recycle waste and grey water.

The building is targeted to be among the most energy efficient building in the country where the energy consumption to be 88kWh/m2/year of Building Energy Intensity (BEI). In order to achieve this, each mode of energy consumption which is cooling, ventilation, lighting, lifts are optimised.Some of the areas like corridors are be naturally ventilated.

In addition to reduction of the thermal transmittance through passive approach, priority was also given to building envelope optimisation with super-insulated roof, walls and windows(U-Values: 0.50W/m2K for walls, 0.4W/m2K green roof and 1.2W/m2K for the low-e double glazing).

About 60% of energy consumption in a building is for air conditioning, therefore apart from reducing air conditioning requirement in the building,emphasis has also been given in further reducing energy consumption for air conditioning by other innovative method. The method explored in this project is an innovative cooling system powered by approximately 2120m2of solar collector - one the world's largest solar air-conditioning systems.By employing this, approximately 10% of energy requirement for the air-conditioning system shall be from renewable source.

On the water efficiency initiatives, water consumption is reduced by over 60%, by using rainwater and recycled grey water for all toilets and irrigation. In addition, dripping irrigation system,dual flush WCs, and infrared taps contribute to efficient water usage.

Recycling initiatives in this project will focus on processing of office products so that they become ready for other uses. Special bins have been provided to collect various objects like paper,cardboard, plastic bottles and cups, metal cans and glass bottles. During construction, system formwork is used to minimise the use of timber and construction waste as well as diverted 75% of waste that otherwise would be disposed off to the land fi ll.Besides that, during site clearance, 78 (over half) of the existing trees were rescued and transplanted at parks and other locations in Shah Alam, rather than being disposed off to the land fi ll.

Summary

PKNS HQ is an attempt to create a green architecture not solely as a an iconic "greenwash"symbol but a truly working energy efficient solution with interesting spaces for people to enjoy re fl ecting current state of technology that blends seamlessly with its natural setting.□

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

楊旭：項(xiàng)目位于馬來(lái)西亞，是一棟毗鄰濱水公園的總部辦公樓。鑒于場(chǎng)地周圍的敏感度，設(shè)計(jì)師在建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)及綠色技術(shù)上均有創(chuàng)新與嘗試，蜿蜒而上的巨大綠化屋頂，成為建筑的焦點(diǎn)。1.09hm2的綠化屋頂完全掩蓋住建筑，強(qiáng)化了與濱水公園的融合。其土壤系統(tǒng)提供了良好的隔熱，減少了對(duì)城市的熱島效應(yīng)。設(shè)計(jì)師試圖創(chuàng)造一棟真正的綠色建筑，而不是僅貼了一個(gè)標(biāo)簽。通過(guò)真正有效的節(jié)能解決方案，在人們享受到當(dāng)前技術(shù)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，又能與自然環(huán)境親近、融合。

張昕楠：無(wú)論是從主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)的方面，PKNS總部項(xiàng)目展示了如何在亞熱帶氣候下進(jìn)行綠建設(shè)計(jì)的技巧。毋論其中的種種風(fēng)、光、熱調(diào)諧系統(tǒng)，自設(shè)計(jì)的初始對(duì)平面的“島”式化處理，便使得通風(fēng)與采光更為高效，也消解了對(duì)毗鄰公園的消極影響，更創(chuàng)造了更多的公共空間。平面組織中服務(wù)空間的布置也減弱了東、西曬對(duì)建筑能耗的不利影響。組團(tuán)化的體量之上，以一個(gè)自地面連續(xù)的屋頂公園予以統(tǒng)合，不僅延續(xù)了場(chǎng)地所處的城市公園的文脈，更以生態(tài)化的方式強(qiáng)化了這一建筑的標(biāo)識(shí)性。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 馬來(lái)西亞吉隆坡莎阿南14區(qū)美麗路14/8 2號(hào)/No. 2, Jalan Indah 14/8, Seksyen 14, Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

客戶/Client: Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS)主管建筑師&項(xiàng)目管理/Chief Architect & Project Manager:Tuan Hj Ar. Wan Muhd Hisham bin Wan Hawari

項(xiàng)目建筑師/Project Architect: Ar. Noor Halwani binti Ab Rahman

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Design: Skala Design Consult Sdn. Bhd.主創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)師/Principal Designer: En Sha fi e Alip

地質(zhì)&結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Geotechnical & Structural Engineer: Arup Jururunding Sdn. Bhd.

機(jī)電工程/MEP Engineer: Arup Jururunding Sdn. Bhd.

工料測(cè)算/Quantity Surveyor: Yusof Associates

燈光顧問(wèn)/Lighting Consultant: Neosigma Sdn. Bhd.

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architect: Nodes Sdn. Bhd.

綠建顧問(wèn)/Green Building Consultant: Neapoli Sdn. Bhd.

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 1.84hm2

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: Approx. 25,084m2

建筑高度/Building Height: 6層/6 storey

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2017.09

攝影/Photos: Paul Gadd, Chong Wei Li, PKNS

Comments

YANG Xu: Located in Malaysia, the project is a headquarter office building next to a waterfront park.Regarding the sensitiveness around the project site,the design is innovative in terms of architecture,structure, and green technology, and the huge green roof winding its way up has become the architectural highlight. The 1.09hm2green roof totally covers the construction area and enhances its integration with the waterfront park. Its soil system provides good heat insulation condition, and therefore reduces the heat island effect to the city as a result of by the construction. Instead of a mere label, the design tried to build up a true green building. And through really efficient energy saving solutions, people are able to enjoy the achievements of technological development, and at the same time keep close to natural environment.(Translated by QIAN Fang)

ZHANG Xinnan: Either actively or passively, the PKNS Headquarter project showcases the techniques of green building design under the subtropics climate. Beside various wind, lighting, heating and air conditioning systems, the initial "island" design has not only achieved more efficient ventilation and daylight conditions, but also reduces its negative influences on the peripheral park, and created more public spaces. Moreover, the arrangement of service space in the plane design successfully reduces the negative influence by western and eastern exposure on energy consumption of the building. A continuous roof park that extends from the ground integrates the buildings group, which not only sustains context of the neighboured city park but also highlights the distinctive features of the building in an ecological way.(Translated by QIAN Fang)

6 立面局部/Part of fa?ade

7 屋頂花園/Roof garden