海軍部綜合體，伍德蘭，新加坡Kampung Admiralty, Woodlands, Singapore, 2017

建筑設計：黃文森，理查德·哈塞爾/WOHA事務所

Architects: Wong Mun Summ, Richard Hassell/WOHA

1 外景/Exterior view

海軍部綜合體是新加坡首個集公共設施和服務設施于一體的綜合公共開發項目。每個政府機構各自劃分自有地塊，從而形成幾個獨立的建筑群是這里的一貫做法。另一方面，這個一站式綜合設施最大限度地使用了土地，成為滿足新加坡老齡化居民需求的典范。

該項目位于一個面積0.9hm2、限高45m的緊湊地塊上，采用了三明治式的分層方式。該項目被設計成一個“垂直建筑群”，其下層為社區廣場，中間層為醫療中心，上層是為老年人提供的帶有社區花園的公寓。這3個不同功能的樓層將不同的建筑串聯在一起，通過相互交融實現了功能設施的多樣性；并與醫療、社會、商業和其他設施保持緊密的聯系，同時也有助于增近代際關系，讓老人們享有積極健康的生活環境。

社區廣場是一個完全公共的場所，并選用了具有良好滲透性的材料鋪地，猶如一個社區客廳。在這個令人倍感舒適且又包容的空間里，市民可以參加各種社區活動、節日慶祝活動，并在位于二層的商鋪中購物、用餐。位于上層的醫療中心掩映著這個清風陣陣的熱帶社區廣場，也使各類活動都能順利地進行，不受風雨的影響。

海軍部綜合體內設有醫療中心，這意味著居民不需要為尋醫問診或只是做一個日常的小手術而奔波。為促進療愈和健康，醫療中心的會診區與等候區都沐浴著充足的自然光，光線從周邊窗戶和中央庭院中滲透進來。位于其下的社區廣場和上層的社區公園也使年長者有著親近自然、親近鄰友之感。

社區公園是一片尺度更宜人且逐級升高的綠化區，居民可以聚在一起鍛煉、聊天或料理一下社區農莊。諸如托兒服務和一個含高級護理在內的長者活動區等輔助性設施全都并置在一起，無論老少都可以共同生活、一起休憩或用餐。兩棟11層的小高層中，共設有104套公寓供單身或已婚人士居住。公共入口處的“伙伴長椅”引導著老年人走出家門，多與鄰友交流互動。所有這些建筑單元均遵循通用的設計原則，營造自然對流和適宜光照的空間。□

（天妮 譯）

2 外景/Exterior view

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/location: 新加坡676伍德蘭大道71號/676 Woodlands Drive 71, Singapore

客戶/Client: Housing & Development Board

設計團隊/Design Team: Pearl Chee, Goh Soon Kim, Phua Hong Wei, Richard Kuppusamy, Jonathan Hooper, YANG Han, Lau Wannie, Gillian Hatch, Kwong Lay Lay, ZHOU Yubai

室內設計/Interior: Sofwan, John Paul R Gonzales

土木工程/Civil & Structural Engineer: Ronnie & Koh Consultants Pte. Ltd.

機電工程/Mechanical & Electrical Engineer: AECOM Pte.,Ltd.

工料測算/Quantity Surveyors: Davis Langdon KPK(Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

燈光顧問/Lighting Consultant: NIL

景觀顧問/Landscape Consultant: Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl Singapore Pte. Ltd.

平面設計/Graphic Designer: NIL

綠色技術顧問/Greenmark Consultant: AECOM Pte. Ltd.

3 首層總平面/Site ground floor plan

4.5 鳥瞰/Aerial views

環境可持續設計/Environmental Sustainability Design: NIL廚房顧問/Kitchen Consultants: NIL

主要承建/Main Contractor: Lum Chang Building Contractors Pte., Ltd.

場地面積/Site Area: 8981m2

總建成面積/Build up Area: 53,066.49m2(20,734.89m2不算總建筑面積/exempted from GFA)

總建筑面積/Gross Floor Area: 32,331.6m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2013.03

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2017.05

攝影/Photos: Darren Soh, K. Kopter, Patrick Bingham-Hall

6 六層平面/Fifth floor plan

7 剖面/Section

8 內景/Interior view

Kampung Admiralty is Singapore's first integrated public development project that brings together a mix of public facilities and services under one roof. The traditional approach is for each government agency to carve out their own plot of land, resulting in several standalone buildings. This one-stop integrated complex,on the other hand, maximises land use, and is a prototype for meeting the needs of Singapore's ageing population.

Located on a tight 0.9hm2site with a height limit of 45m, the scheme builds upon a layered"club sandwich" approach. A "Vertical Kampung(village)" is devised, with a Community Plaza in the lower stratum, a Medical Centre in the mid stratum, and a Community Park with apartments for seniors in the upper stratum. These three distinct stratums juxtapose various building functions to foster diversity of cross-programming and frees up the ground level for activity generators. The close proximity to healthcare,social, commercial and other amenities support inter-generational bonding and promote active ageing in place.

The Community Plaza is a fully public, porous and pedestrianised ground plane, designed as a community living room. Within this welcoming and inclusive space, the public can participate in organised events, join in the season's festivities,shop, or eat at the hawker centre on the 2nd storey.The breezy tropical plaza is shaded and sheltered by the Medical Centre above, allowing activities to continue regardless of rain or shine.

Locating a Medical Centre in Kampung Admiralty means that residents need not go all the way to the hospital to consult a specialist,or to get a simple day surgery done. To promote wellness and healing, the centre's consultation and waiting areas are washed in natural daylight from perimetre windows and through a central courtyard. Views towards the Community Plaza below, and the Community Park above also help seniors feel connected to nature and to other people.

9.10 屋頂花園/Roof garden

The Community Park is a more intimately scaled, elevated village green where residents can actively come together to exercise, chat or tend community farms. Complementary programmes such as childcare and an Active Aging Hub (including senior care) are located side by side, bringing together young and old to live, eat and play. A totalof 104 apartments are provided in two 11-storeyed blocks for elderly singles or couples. "Buddy benches"at shared entrances encourage seniors to come out of their homes and interact with their neighbours.The units adopt universal design principles and are designed for natural cross ventilation and optimum daylight.□

評論

唐考·潘寧：面對當代新加坡建筑所共有的找尋自身定義與身份的挑戰，海軍部綜合體提供了一個可供選擇的答案。創造公共空間的藝術使這個項目脫穎而出。不同于如今人們與場所之間的聯系的特征——僅僅生活在室內、躲在玻璃幕墻背后、在獨立的互不相連的建筑內，海軍部綜合體的設計并未體現出像這樣將人們分隔的意圖。通過簡單的形式和看似現代的主題，公共空間的設計著重在也許多少有點平淡無奇、卻與日常生活緊密相連的功能設置。當海軍部綜合體試圖與新加坡文化和當地人相關聯時，它并非理想主義地遵從傳統。它強調社會文化習慣，卻并不徹底，因此并沒有得到易于識別的設計。看著這座建筑時，我們更容易將新加坡人看作是我們典型的同時代人、我們的鄰居和個體，只是他們碰巧居住在這里，每天都可以在此相遇。從很多方面來說，海軍部綜合體旨在服務那些也許有著上百年家族史但生活在當下對功能和氣候存在需求的人們。它屬于此時此地，因為它的居民既是獨立的個體，也是集體愿景中所謂“公共”的一部分。（龐凌波 譯）

楊旭：迅速老齡化的新加坡社會，年長者正逐漸與子女、社會疏遠。設計在建筑細節上滿足了年長者的宜居需求，通過多樣性功能的混合，促進各年齡層人群間的互動與融合。設計并無過多技巧，只是將社區廣場、兒童保育中心、老齡化中心、社區公園、農場與年長者公寓垂直疊加，但精準的細節設計增強了年長者與自然和其他人之間的聯系，營造出積極的老齡化生活場景。kampung是馬來語中“村莊”的意思，設計為年長者創造了一個具有高度社區凝聚力的 “垂直村莊”。

Comments

Tonkao Panin: Faced with the challenges to find its own definition and identity, which is shared among contemporary architecture in Singapore,Kampung Admiralty has offered an alternative. The art of creating public spaces distinguishes Kampung Admiralty. Unlike the key situations of people and place today - we simply live indoors, within the glass walls, in separate buildings standing apart from one another, the design of Kampung Admiralty does not demonstrate the same desire to separate. With simple forms and seemingly modern motifs, the design of public spaces focus on settings that are more or less prosaic and unobtrusively interwoven into everyday praxis. When Kampung Admiralty refers to the culture and people of Singapore, it is not the idealistic traditions. It addresses socio-cultural habits,but not especially reverently, thus never resulted in designs that are easily identifiable. Looking at this architecture, it is better to think of Singaporeans as our typical contemporaries, neighbours, individuals who happened to be living here and now, meeting each other on the daily basis. In many ways, the architecture of Kampung Admiralty aims at individuals who may have had ancestry that stretched back a hundred years but most importantly are living at the moment within current functional and climatic needs. It belongs to the place and time as its inhabitants are at once recognized as an individual and a part of a collective vision of what"public" means.

YANG Xu: In current society of Singapore, the elderly are gradually alienated from the youth and society. The design meets the demand of the elderly for habitability in architectural details. Meanwhile, it stimulates the interaction and integration of people at different ages through mixture of diversi fi ed functions. Instead of using many techniques, the design just overlays the community square, the children care centre, the centre for the elderly,the community park, the farm, and the apartments for the elderly, but its delicate detail design enhances the connection among the elderly, nature and other people,and therefore creates vitalised life scenes for the elderly.In Malay, kampung means "village", the design creates a"vertical village" with high degree of sense of community concentration. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

11 內景/Interior view