燒傷患者心理狀態(tài)與社會(huì)支持及希望水平的相關(guān)性分析

任琳潔

[摘要]目的：探討燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁心理狀態(tài)與社會(huì)支持及希望水平的關(guān)系。方法：納入2018年2月-9月共155例燒傷患者，行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。分別選用醫(yī)院焦慮抑郁量表（hospital anxiety and depression scale，HAD）、社會(huì)支持評(píng)分量表（social support rating scale，SSRS）、希望水平指數(shù)（herth hope index，HHI）量表評(píng)估患者焦慮、抑郁得分及社會(huì)支持、希望水平，并用Pearson相關(guān)分析其相關(guān)性。結(jié)果：燒傷患者中焦慮、抑郁狀況平均得分分別為6.54±3.82及7.68±4.23，檢出率分別達(dá)34.2%、43.2%。其社會(huì)支持總分得分為40.90±8.46，顯著高于全國(guó)常模得分34.56±3.73，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（t=20.93，P<0.01）。希望水平總分為31.50±6.46，中等及以下希望水平占78.1%。燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁與社會(huì)支持及希望水平之間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)（P<0.05）。相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為-0.471、-0.480、-0.487及-0.502。結(jié)論：燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁的心理狀態(tài)與社會(huì)支持及希望水平負(fù)相關(guān)。在臨床工作中，應(yīng)重視通過(guò)提高患者社會(huì)支持及希望水平的方式預(yù)防焦慮、抑郁的發(fā)生。

[關(guān)鍵詞]燒傷;焦慮;抑郁;社會(huì)支持;心理狀態(tài);量表評(píng)估

[中圖分類號(hào)]R395.1? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455（2019）06-0143-03

Abstract： Objective? To explore the relationship between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients. Methods? A total of 155 burn patients from February 2018 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HAD）， Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Hope Level Index （HHI） were used to assess anxiety， depression scores and social support and hope levels of patients， and Pearson correlation was used to analyze their correlation. Results? The average scores of anxiety and depression in burn patients were 6.54±3.82 and 7.68±4.23， respectively. The detection rates were 34.2% and 43.2%， respectively. The total score of social support was 40.90±8.46， which was significantly higher than the national norm score of 34.56±3.73， the difference was statistically significant （t=20.93， P<0.01）. The total score of hope level was 31.50±6.46， with 78.1% of hope level below the middle level. There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients （P<0.05）. The correlation coefficients were -0.471， -0.480， -0.487 and -0.502， respectively. Conclusion? The psychological state of anxiety and depression in burn patients is negatively correlated with the level of social support and hope. In clinical work， attention should be paid to the prevention of anxiety and depression by improving the level of social support and hope of patients.

Key words： burn; anxiety; depression; social support; psychological state; scale evaluation

隨著現(xiàn)代化、城市化、電氣化的發(fā)展，燒傷成為城市人群的多發(fā)外傷性疾病。由于其起病急驟、治療周期長(zhǎng)、過(guò)程伴隨慢性疼痛、長(zhǎng)期臥床制動(dòng)等痛苦，且創(chuàng)傷愈合后多遺留嚴(yán)重外觀破壞。因此，燒傷患者更容易出現(xiàn)焦慮、抑郁、自卑等不良心理狀態(tài)[1]?，F(xiàn)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，社會(huì)支持及希望水平與多種疾病患者的心理狀態(tài)有關(guān)[2-4]。但該方面研究在燒傷患者中較為少見(jiàn)。本研究將通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等形式評(píng)估燒傷患者焦慮、抑郁心理狀態(tài)，并探討其與社會(huì)支持及希望水平的關(guān)系。

1? 資料和方法