心理干預(yù)對(duì)低齡孕婦分娩結(jié)局影響的護(hù)理研究

沈彩玉

【摘要】 目的 分析心理干預(yù)對(duì)低齡孕婦分娩結(jié)局的影響。方法 84例低齡孕婦， 隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組， 各42例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)產(chǎn)科產(chǎn)前護(hù)理， 治療組采用心理干預(yù)。對(duì)比兩組分娩方式、產(chǎn)后2 h和24 h出血量及護(hù)理前后抑郁自評(píng)量表（SDS）和焦慮自評(píng)量表（SAS）評(píng)分。結(jié)果 治療組剖宮產(chǎn)率明顯低于對(duì)照組， 自然分娩率明顯高于對(duì)照組， 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。治療組產(chǎn)后2 h出血及產(chǎn)后24 h出血量分別為（120.31±76.59）、（229.87±53.64）ml， 均少于對(duì)照組的（276.54±53.21）、（358.74±67.02）ml， 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。護(hù)理后， 治療組SDS和SAS評(píng)分均對(duì)低于對(duì)照組， 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 對(duì)低齡孕婦進(jìn)行心理干預(yù)， 既可有效提高自然分娩率， 減少產(chǎn)后出血量， 又能緩解孕婦情緒。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 心理干預(yù);低齡孕婦;分娩結(jié)局

DOI：10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.19.083

【Abstract】 Objective? ?To analyze the influence of psychological intervention on delivery outcome of young pregnant women. Methods? ?A total of 84 young pregnant women were randomly divided into control group and treatment group， with 42 cases in each group. The control group received routine prenatal nursing in obstetrics， and the treatment group received psychological intervention. Comparison were made on delivery modes， bleeding volume at postpartum 2 and 24 h， self-rating depression scale （SDS） and self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） scores before and after nursing? between the two groups. Results? ?The treatment group had obviously lower cesarean section rate than the control group， and obviously higher natural childbirth rate than the control group. Their difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. At postpartum 2 and 24 h， the treatment group had less bleeding volume respectively as （120.31±76.59） and （229.87±53.64） ml than （276.54±53.21） and （358.74±67.02） ml in the control group. Their difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. After nursing， the treatment group had lower SDS and SAS score than the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion? ?Psychological intervention for young pregnant women can not only effectively improve the natural delivery rate， reduce the amount of postpartum hemorrhage， but also alleviate maternal emotions.

【Key words】 Psychological intervention; Young pregnant woman; Delivery outcome

近年來(lái)我國(guó)未到法定結(jié)婚年齡20周歲的低齡孕婦人數(shù)在不斷增長(zhǎng)， 由于孕婦年齡相對(duì)較低， 對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)較為欠缺， 再加之年齡未達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定， 易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜心理活動(dòng)[1]。因害怕、緊張以及恐懼等情緒， 導(dǎo)致生理變化， 既對(duì)產(chǎn)程進(jìn)展造成影響， 嚴(yán)重時(shí)誘發(fā)并發(fā)癥， 危及母嬰安全。因此， 給予低齡孕婦針對(duì)性護(hù)理干預(yù)尤其重要。據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)顯示， 對(duì)低齡孕婦采取心理干預(yù)可取得滿意效果， 能有效確保新生兒安全， 降低孕婦產(chǎn)后出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2]。為此， 本文將對(duì)低齡孕婦應(yīng)用心理干預(yù)對(duì)分娩結(jié)局的影響予以研究， 現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1. 1 一般資料 選取2018年1～12月在本院產(chǎn)科分娩的84例低齡孕婦作為研究對(duì)象， 隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和治療組， 各42例。對(duì)照組年齡17～20歲， 平均年齡（18.23±1.21）歲;孕周37～41周， 平均孕周（38.56±2.14）周。治療組年齡17～20歲， 平均年齡（18.59±1.42）歲;孕周37～41周， 平均孕周（38.62±2.34）周。兩組孕婦一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P>0.05）， 具有可比性。