劇院建筑

季嘉葵

劇院建筑設計指南之曼徹斯特皇家交易所劇院

曼徹斯特，英國

Manchester.UK

兩個世紀以來，皇家（棉花）交易所是曼徹斯特商業生活的核心。當前建筑物于1847年啟用時，曾被描述為世界上最大的商業交易所。甚至在隨著棉花貿易重心的轉移、該交易所逐漸變得多余前，將規模擴大了一倍。自1976年以來，皇家交易所一直設有同名劇院。這座圓形的多層劇院因其親密性和強烈的感情性而具有很高的影響力，可以說是20世紀英國建造的最具創新性的劇場空間。

For two centuries the Royal （Cotton） Exchangewas central to the commercial life of Manchester.When the current building opened in 1847 it wasdescribed as the biggest commercial room in theworld. It then doubled in size before graduallybecoming redundant as the cotton trade movedelsewhere. Since 1976， the Royal Exchange hashoused the theatre of the same name. This multi-level theatre in-the-round is high ly influential for itsintimacy and intensity and could well claim to be themost innovative theatre space created within the UKin the last century.

觀眾廳由劇院公司在邁克爾-埃利奧特的指導下開發，他對如何將他們的作品展現出來有著非常清晰的認識。由設計師理查德內格里設計的原型，首先是在腳手架中建造的，而后才被建筑師構建為永久性結構。

The auditorium was deve[oped by the theatrecompany， under the direction of Michael Elliot， whohad a very clear vision of how their work was tobe presented. A prototype， conceived by designerRichard Negri， was first built in scaffolding beforearchitects were invited to develop a permanentstructure

觀眾廳被設計為獨立于歷史建筑的巨大石質大廳。建筑師設計了一個七面“劇院模塊”，直徑為21.3米，高度為13.7米，由鋼和玻璃制成。該模塊被設想為一個獨立的單元，具有透明的支撐框架，觀眾、表演者和舞臺工作人員都共享同一個私密空間。門廳使用了大廳的周邊區域，而輔助設施則設于大樓的其他區域。

The auditorium is designed to sit within themassive stone hall， independent of the historicstru ctu re. The architects devised a seven-sided'theatre module'， with a diameter of 21.3m and aheight of 13.7m， constructed of steel and g[ass. Themodule was conceived as a free-standing unit witha tra nspa rent suppo rting fra mework within whichthe audience， performers and stage crew all slia rethe same intimate space. The foyer makes use of thesu rrounding a reas of the G reat Hall while the supportfacilities are housed in other pa rts of the building.

1996年，曼徹斯特市中心被愛爾蘭共和軍的炸彈炸毀。盡管觀眾廳的結構本身沒有受到損壞，但這次轟炸嚴重損壞了皇家交易所大樓。在對歷史悠久的大廳進行必要修復工作的同時，劇院利用這個機會對房屋的正面和背面進行了徹底的改建，包括引入了一個適應性極強的100座工作室劇院。與此同時，觀眾廳的技術設施得到了改進，餐廳、酒吧和前廳都進行了更新。街道入口也進行了重新設計，安裝了一架新的玻璃電梯和橋梁，首次將所有公共層面連接起來，將一個20世紀70年代的標志性劇院帶入了21世紀的建筑風格。

ln 1996， the centre of Manchester was devastatedby an IRA bomb. It severely damaged the RoyalExchange buildl ng，though the audito rium structu reitself remained unscathed. While the necessa ry workwas underta ken to restore the historic hall， the theatretook the opportu nity to ma ke radical changes to thefront and back of house， including the introduction ofan ada pta ble lOO-seat studio theatre. At the same timethe audito rium's technica linstallations were im proved，and resta u ra nt， ba rs and front of house facilitiesrenewed. The street entrances were a[so redesigned.A new glazed lift and brid ges were insta lled， lin king allpublic levels for the first time and bringing an iconic1970s theatre into the twenty-first centu ry.