舒銳 劉少軍 楊建平 姚甜甜 許念芳 李曉龍 王振寶

摘 ? ?要:為了探究 ‘大和長芋山藥在濰坊地區適宜的用種量,本試驗研究了不同質量(50,100,150,200 g)的山藥種薯對‘大和長芋山藥生長和產量影響,并根據實際的市場行情推算經濟效益。結果表明,隨著種薯質量的增加,山藥莖粗顯著增大(P<0.05),植株長勢增強,產量增加,其中種薯質量為150 g和200 g的處理較對照(100 g)分別顯著增產11.4%和14.5%(P<0.05),產量分別達到72 239.6 kg·hm-2和74 ?270.8 kg·hm-2,二者差異不顯著(P>0.05);經濟效益呈先增加后減少的趨勢,當種薯質量為150 g時純收益最高,為21.03萬元·hm-2,比對照增效10.8%,當種薯質量為200 g時,純收益(20.50萬元·hm-2)比對照增效8.0%。綜合考慮產量和經濟效益,‘大和長芋山藥適宜選擇質量為150 g的種薯播種。
關鍵詞:山藥;種薯質量;產量;經濟效益
中圖分類號:S632.1 ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.009
Abstract: In order to find out the suitable seed tuber weight of 'Dahechangyu' yam in Weifang, the effects of different seed tuber weight (50, 100, 150, 200 g) on the growth and yield of 'Dahechangyu' yam were studied, and the economic benefits were estimated according to the actual market conditions. The results showed that with the increase of seed tuber weight, the stem diameter of yam increased significantly (P<0.05), the plant growth and yield increased, the economic benefit increased first and then decreased. When the seed tuber weight was 150 g and 200 g, the yield significantly increased by 11.4% and 14.5% compared with the control (100 g), which the yield reached 72 239.6 kg·hm-2 and 74 270.8 kg·hm-2, respectively. There was no significant difference between 150 g and 200 g treatments (P>0.05). When the seed tuber weight was 150 g, the net benefit was the highest (210.3 thousand yuan·hm-2), which was 10.8% higher than the control. When the seed tuber weight was 200 g, the net benefit (205.0 thousand yuan·hm-2) was 8.0% higher than the control. Based on the comprehensive yield and economic benefits, the suitable seed weight of 'Dahechangyu' yam was 150 g.
Key words: yam; seed tuber weight; yield; economic benefits
山藥(Dioscorea opposite Thunb)是薯蕷科薯蕷屬一年生或多年生纏繞性藤本植物[1],山藥塊莖不僅營養美味,而且經濟價值較高[2]。‘大和長芋山藥是目前濰坊市主要栽培的山藥品種[3],具有產量高、經濟效益好等優點,在北方地區栽培面積較大,是出口創匯的優良山藥品種[4]。山藥是無性繁殖作物,通常選用山藥塊莖上端有芽的一節作為種薯[5],還可以采用塊莖切段繁殖的方法[6]。有研究表明,山藥種薯越大,山藥產量越高[7-8],但是近年來山藥種薯的價格不斷上漲,使用大種薯播種,必然會使生產成本增加,一般當地種植戶選擇100 g左右大小的種薯播種[9],但實際生產中很多種植戶為了節省生產成本,也會使用較小的種薯播種,目前沒有發現關于‘大和長芋山藥適宜用種量的報道。
為了探究 ‘大和長芋山藥在當地適宜的用種量,降低生產成本、提高經濟效益,本試驗研究了不同質量的山藥種薯對山藥生長、產量及經濟效益的影響,旨在為當地山藥種植提供指導,為推廣高產高效山藥栽培技術提供理論依據。……