王志強 王興祥 劉聲鋒 曲繼松 李孝剛 郭松 楊萬邦 董瑞 田梅 于蓉
摘 要:連作障礙是園藝作物栽培中經常發生的現象,會給園藝作物栽培造成嚴重損失。為解決連作障礙問題,國內外學者開展了大量的研究工作,從多個角度對連作障礙的原因進行了分析。針對砂田西瓜生產中存在的實際問題,從土壤功能的劣化、真菌土傳病害和化感自毒作用3個方面綜述了砂田西瓜連作障礙的原因,分析了土壤理化性質、酶活性和土壤微生物多樣性變化對砂田西瓜連作障礙的影響,探討了土傳真菌病害枯萎病的致病機制,總結了西瓜化感自毒作用對西瓜生長的影響,闡述了化感物質的主要成分和來源,提出了克服砂田西瓜連作障礙的具體措施,并對砂田西瓜連作障礙的研究現狀進行了展望。
關鍵詞:西瓜; 砂田; 連作障礙; 發生機制
Abstract: The continuous cropping obstacle is a frequent occurrence in horticulture crop cultivation, it brings great loss to agriculture production. In order to solve continuous cropping obstacle problem, many scholars had done a lot of research from many aspects and analysized the reasons of continuous cropping obstacle. According to the problem of watermelon production, the research progress of soil function deterioration, fungi soil borne disease and allelopathic autotoxicity were expatiated and summed up here in. In this paper, the effect of soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, the soil microbial diversity on continuous watermelon production obstacle were analyzed, the pathogenesis mechanism of soilborne diseases was discussed, the effect of allelopathic autotoxicity on watermelon growth was summarized, concrete measures of overcoming watermelon obstacle were provided, utilization in agriculture production of the allelochemicals production is in prospect.
Key words: Watermelon; Gravel-and-plastic mulched fields; Continuous; Mechanism
砂田也稱作壓砂地,是我國西北干旱和半干旱地區獨特的抗旱耕作形式。我國砂田主要分布在寧夏中部干旱地區和甘肅省中部以蘭州為中心的干旱、半干旱地區以及內蒙古、青海和新疆的部分地區。在世界上其他降水稀少的地方也有砂田,如法國Montpellier,美國的Texax,Montana和Colorado;瑞士的Chamoson以及南非等[1]。寧夏砂田主要用來種植西瓜,砂田種植的西瓜因甘甜爽口和綠色環保而受到廣大消費者的青睞。作為一種獨特的栽培模式,寧夏的壓砂西瓜在中國的西瓜甜瓜產業中具有獨特的地位和重要的意義。
連作是指在同一塊地里連續2茬以上種植同種或同科作物。……