潘林香 覃婷 段答 陳靜 胡陽瓊 肖燦 湯穎

〔摘要〕 目的 分析高分級顱內動脈瘤繼發(fā)急性呼吸窘迫綜合癥(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)的高危因素,根據高危因素采取綜合護理措施。方法 對我科近5年來19例高分級顱內動脈瘤合并ARDS的病人資料進行回顧性分析,對患者發(fā)病的高危因素及治療方法進行討論。結果 19例患者均診斷明確,10例搶救成功,9例死亡。對各種危險因素進行統(tǒng)計學分析,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論 高分級顱內動脈瘤并發(fā)ARDS病死率較高。預防高危因素的發(fā)生,早期診斷、早期治療,早期精心護理以及正確使用呼吸機是其搶救成功的關鍵。
〔關鍵詞〕 高分級動脈瘤;急性呼吸窘迫綜合癥;高危因素;護理策略
〔中圖分類號〕R543.5 ? ? ?〔文獻標志碼〕B ? ? ? 〔文章編號〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2019.12.026
〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the high risk factors of high grade intracranial aneurysm with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to take comprehensive care measures according to these risk factors. Methods A total of 19 high grade intracranial aneurysm with ARDS patient's data from our department in recent 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. The high risk factors of the disease and treatment were discussed. Results The 19 patients were diagnosed clearly and 10 cases were rescued successfully and 9 cases of death. Conclusion Mortality of high grade intracranial aneurysm complicated with ARDS is high. The keys to the success of the rescue are prevention of high risk factors, early diagnosis, early treatment, early care and using breathing machine correctly.
〔Keywords〕 high grade intracranial aneurysm; acute respiratory distress syndrome; high risk factors; care strategy
顱內動脈瘤是因顱內動脈血管的異常改變而產生的腦血管瘤樣突起,動脈瘤破裂出血后,其主要臨床表現為頭痛、惡心、嘔吐,多因蛛網膜下腔出血而引起,部分病人是因腦血管痙攣、閉塞或因動脈瘤壓迫周圍組織造成,導致病人致殘或死亡,主要見于中年人[1-4]。高分級動脈瘤Hunt-Hess分級Ⅳ-Ⅴ的顱內動脈瘤約占動脈瘤性蛛網膜下腔出血的20%~30%,其病死率和致殘率可高達50%[5]。急性呼吸窘迫綜合癥(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是由多種病因導致肺血管阻力增高、肺順應性降低、肺泡萎陷、分流量增多、低氧血癥等特點的一種急性進行性呼吸衰竭,是顱內動脈瘤中危及生命的嚴重并發(fā)癥之一[6-7]。高分級動脈瘤一旦發(fā)生ARDS,病死率和致殘率可達80%[8]。本文對本科2012年-2017年高分級動脈瘤合并ARDS的19例患者資料進行系統(tǒng)回顧,分析高分級動脈瘤中并發(fā)ARDS的高危因素及護理對策。……