托馬斯·M·梅尼諾市長(zhǎng)公園，馬薩諸塞州，美國(guó)

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：韋斯頓和桑普森建筑事務(wù)所

Landscape Architect: Weston & Sampson

（王單單 譯）

1 這個(gè)無(wú)障礙的社交場(chǎng)所滿足了多樣化人群的需求，提供了玩耍、被動(dòng)娛樂(lè)和社交互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)，還能欣賞天際線的景觀/This accessible and social venue meets the needs of a diverse population with opportunities for play, passive enjoyment, and social interaction, along with skyline views.

設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)社會(huì)需求的回應(yīng)，而特殊時(shí)刻可以增強(qiáng)靈感。梅尼諾公園的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)歷了以下多個(gè)事件：波士頓任職時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的市長(zhǎng)面臨退休；斯波爾丁康復(fù)醫(yī)院在昔日的查爾斯頓海軍造船廠開(kāi)設(shè)了一家新分院，并在波士頓馬拉松爆炸案發(fā)生后充當(dāng)治療受傷跑步者和觀眾的歸零地；在參觀新建筑時(shí)，梅尼諾市長(zhǎng)在相鄰的海濱地帶發(fā)現(xiàn)了開(kāi)發(fā)一座嶄新的無(wú)障礙式全包容型游樂(lè)場(chǎng)的潛力。

該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)將內(nèi)部公園/游樂(lè)場(chǎng)與外部的港口步道連接在一起，填補(bǔ)了波士頓海濱走廊的一個(gè)缺口。我們的景觀建筑師帶領(lǐng)著一組多樣化的團(tuán)隊(duì)，如持證的工地人員、監(jiān)管/審批專家、工程師、測(cè)量員、游樂(lè)場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)專家和施工人員。大家共同致力于設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)地標(biāo)性的公共空間。來(lái)自斯波爾丁醫(yī)院及該社區(qū)的物理專家和職業(yè)療法/康復(fù)專家被邀請(qǐng)參與該項(xiàng)目，并成為公眾宣傳的一部分。不僅如此，他們還為設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程提供了寶貴的見(jiàn)解。此外，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)還與客戶、市長(zhǎng)辦公室、斯波爾丁醫(yī)院、查爾斯頓社區(qū)、市政機(jī)構(gòu)、承包商和分包商進(jìn)行了溝通。

內(nèi)部公園設(shè)計(jì)的靈感來(lái)自于該場(chǎng)地的歷史（昔日的二戰(zhàn)干船塢）以及對(duì)可持續(xù)元素的應(yīng)用，如重新利用阻擋海水所用的花崗巖塊——這些海堤石塊現(xiàn)已變?yōu)樽唬纬闪擞糜诮缍臻g的階梯式“干船塢”墻面。這些階梯的高度營(yíng)造了一種封閉感，在為那些有感知問(wèn)題的患者提供空間的同時(shí)，還構(gòu)建了令人驚嘆的海港景觀。

梅尼諾公園將包容性的理念嵌入每一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)層面，營(yíng)造出歸屬感和社區(qū)感。該項(xiàng)目的首要目標(biāo)是將包容性做到比法律要求的更高，而游樂(lè)場(chǎng)則象征著最高水平的無(wú)障礙性。公園為所有年齡段的人提供了數(shù)不清的游樂(lè)活動(dòng)、物理治療和鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)，其中包括四通八達(dá)的港口步道及其信息標(biāo)識(shí)，以及壯觀的城市景和水景。這座新公園是一種引人注目的開(kāi)放空間資源，旨在為面臨健康挑戰(zhàn)的人們提供一處治愈之地，讓人從日常城市生活中得以喘息，鼓勵(lì)著那些堅(jiān)持不懈、努力重新開(kāi)始、逐漸覺(jué)醒的人。

公園內(nèi)設(shè)60 臺(tái)精心挑選的無(wú)障礙游樂(lè)設(shè)備，適用于多種多樣的肢體訓(xùn)練和體能鍛煉。整座公園的所有動(dòng)線和功能為人們提供了平等的樂(lè)趣。通過(guò)堆砌而成且高低起伏的草堆，兒童和護(hù)理人員都可以爬上攀登物的最高點(diǎn)——適當(dāng)冒險(xiǎn)、挑戰(zhàn)自我，分享戶外玩耍的樂(lè)趣。梅尼諾公園里沒(méi)有“入園動(dòng)線”，無(wú)論年齡與身份，都可以一同玩耍、探索、成長(zhǎng)。該項(xiàng)目以其考慮周到的無(wú)障礙設(shè)計(jì)，正在改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)自身的看法和期望——什么是我們能做到的、什么又是活得充實(shí)。□

（王單單 譯）

Design responds to societal needs, and inspiration can be heightened by extraordinary moments in time. The design of Menino Park coincided with the confluence of several events: Boston's longest-serving mayor was retiring; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital had opened a new facility in the former Charlestown Navy Yard and was serving as ground zero for the treatment and recovery of injured runners and spectators after the Boston Marathon bombing; and, while touring the new building, Mayor Menino saw potential in the adjacent waterfront site for development of a new, fully inclusive and accessible playground.

The design plans included an interior public park/playground and an exterior Harborwalk link to close a gap in Boston's waterfront corridor. Our landscape architects managed a diverse team, including licensed site professionals and regulatory/permitting experts, engineers, surveyors, playground specialists, and construction professionals and worked feverishly to design a landmark accessible public space. An extensive public outreach component secured critical insight for our design process through interactions with physical and occupational therapy/rehabilitation experts from Spaulding and neighborhood residents. Our team worked in communication with the client, the Mayor's Office, Spaulding, the Charlestown community, city agencies, contractors, and subcontractors.

The interior park form was inspired by the site's history as a World War II drydock, and sustainable elements include the use of repurposed granite blocks that previously held back seawater; these seawall blocks now offer seating and form the terraced "drydock" walls that define the space. The height of these terraces provides a sense of enclosure essential to a space that supports those with sensory challenges, while still framing stunning harbor views.

By embedding the idea of inclusivity into every design aspect, Menino Park evokes a sense of belonging and community. Taking inclusion beyond what the law requires was the over-arching objective, and the playground represents the highest level of accessibility. Innumerable opportunities for active play, physical therapy, and exercise for all generations are incorporated into the park, which also includes the accessible Harborwalk with informational signage and spectacular views of the city and the water. The new park is a dramatic open space resource designed as a place of recovery from health challenges and respite from the daily rigor of urban life. It honors those focused on perseverance, renewal, recovery, awakening, and revival.

The park includes 60 pieces of accessible play equipment carefully selected to accommodate a wide range of physical movement and development; all routes and features throughout the park provide fun and excitement on equal terms. By leveraging the change in elevation created by mounded lawns, children and caregivers alike are able to reach the highest point of the climbing structures, take suitable risks, challenge themselves, and share in the thrill of outdoor play. At Menino Park, there is no "accessible route"; it is simply a place for all ages and capacities to move, explore, and thrive alongside one another. With its thoughtful, accessible design, Menino Park is changing perceptions and expectations of what people are capable of and what living fully truly means. □

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: City of Boston, Massachusetts

設(shè)計(jì)/首要顧問(wèn)/Designer/Prime Consultant: Weston & Sampson

承建商/Construction Contractor: MacKay Construction Services, Inc.

噴灌顧問(wèn)/Irrigation Consultant: Irrigation Consulting, Inc. 游樂(lè)場(chǎng)設(shè)備分包商/Playground Equipment Subcontractors: Park Street Playgrounds (Representing Goric); M.E. O'Brien & Sons (Representing Landscape Structures, Inc.)

景觀藝術(shù)家/Landscape Artist: Sterling Design/Sterling McMurrin

面積/Area: 10,117m2

造價(jià)/Cost: 250,000USD (設(shè)計(jì)/design) 3,200,000 (建造/construction)

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2013-2014

攝影/Photos: Anthony Crisafulli Photography(fig.1,5,10), Landscape Structures, Inc.(fig.3,4), Weston & Sampson (fig.6)

2 總平面/Site plan

3 各 種各樣的游樂(lè)設(shè)備適合一系列的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)技能的發(fā)展，不同能力的使用者可以一起活動(dòng)和探索/A variety of play equipment accommodates a range of physical movement and motor skill development; users of different abilities can move, explore, and thrive together.

4 東側(cè)的木質(zhì)坡道可以通往上層的游樂(lè)設(shè)備、港口人行道，這里的座位和活動(dòng)空間具有欣賞游樂(lè)場(chǎng)和周邊城市景觀的絕佳視野/Climbing the east side wood ramp system, one is connected to upper play equipment access points, the Harborwalk, and to seating and events spaces with stunning views of the playground itself and the surrounding city.

5 獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)讓輪椅使用者也可以自如地到達(dá)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地/Unique structures allow users in wheelchairs to roll seamlessly into place.

6 由于與梅尼諾公園的多重連接，港口步道更具可達(dá)性，并且提供了通往城市其他區(qū)域的重要連接/With multiple connections to Menino Park, the Harborwalk is easily accessible and offers important connections to other areas of the city.

7 坡道平面/Timber ramp plan

8 坡道結(jié)構(gòu)平面/Ramp farming plan

9 坡道基礎(chǔ)平面/Ramp foundation plan

10 游樂(lè)設(shè)施/Play equipment

評(píng)論

王小榮：梅尼諾公園是由醫(yī)院、政府、社區(qū)共同參與設(shè)計(jì)的無(wú)障礙游樂(lè)場(chǎng)所，其包容性理念是整個(gè)康復(fù)性公園設(shè)計(jì)的核心，旨在為所有不同年齡、不同能力的人們提供一處心理、生理健康問(wèn)題的治愈地。不僅提高了人們參與的興趣，而且活動(dòng)間的互動(dòng)，人群間的交流，可以幫助身心患者感受精神上的平等與社會(huì)的溫暖。

公園開(kāi)放的路徑可以讓所有來(lái)客無(wú)障礙地進(jìn)入鍛煉康復(fù)區(qū)、兒童游樂(lè)區(qū)、港口步道觀景區(qū)、坡度平緩的休息平臺(tái)。既可以選擇內(nèi)心安靜的面對(duì)大海和“千船塢”階梯，又可以體驗(yàn)公園內(nèi)為康復(fù)患者提供的多種鍛煉設(shè)備，感受童趣的快樂(lè)，有助于身心的康復(fù)。

邵磊：城市公共空間是城市的客廳，是城市空間發(fā)生聯(lián)系的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。城市公共空間的無(wú)障礙，代表了城市靈魂的包容和平等。梅尼諾公園的設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè)，有其豐富的歷史背景和周邊建筑的影響，雖然規(guī)模不大，但通過(guò)無(wú)障礙景觀的營(yíng)造，和城市取得了完美的呼應(yīng)。公園設(shè)計(jì)的亮點(diǎn)在于交通流線和坡道設(shè)施與場(chǎng)地的有機(jī)結(jié)合，無(wú)論是從形態(tài)，還是功能與材質(zhì)，無(wú)障礙景觀的設(shè)計(jì)似乎就是為這個(gè)場(chǎng)地而存在。不僅僅是為肢殘群體，還考慮到感知有障礙的人群，以及各種不同年齡的人在康復(fù)、游樂(lè)等方面的需要。無(wú)障礙的目標(biāo)早已融入到富有魅力、充滿活力的景觀和設(shè)施之中。這也是對(duì)通用設(shè)計(jì)最好的詮釋。

Comments

WANG Xiaorong: Menino Park is a landmark and accessible public park designed by Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, the local government and the Charlestown community. The inclusive concept is the core of the whole design plan, aiming at providing a public space for people who have mental and physical health problems of all ages and abilities. The park not only increases people's interest in participation, but also helps physical and mental patients to feel spiritual equality and social warmth through the interaction between activities and the communication between groups.

The routes of the park are accessible to visitors of different abilities to enter the physical therapy area, children's playground, harbourwalk, and rest platform. People can choose to view the sea and the dry dock in peaceful mind, or experience a variety of exercise equipment provided for rehabilitation patients in the park, and feel the childhood pleasure which is good for physical and mental health. (Translated by ZHANG Xiaohong)

SHAO Lei: Urban public space is the living room of the city and an important node for the connection of urban space. The accessibility of urban public spaces represents the tolerance and equality of the city's soul. The design and construction of the Menino Park has its rich historical background and influence of surrounding buildings. Although it is small in scale, it has achieved a perfect echo with the city through the construction of inclusive landscapes. The highlight of the park design is the organic combination of circulation, the ramp facilities and the site. Whether in form, function or material, the design of the accessible landscape seems to exist for this venue. Not only for the disabled, but also for people with perception disabilities, as well as the needs of people of all ages in rehabilitation and recreation. Accessibility goals have long been integrated into glamorous, vibrant landscapes and amenities. This is also the best interpretation of universal design.