《紅樓夢(mèng)》第三十七回中探春請(qǐng)?zhí)⒆g賞析

【摘要】《紅樓夢(mèng)》第三十七回中探春寫請(qǐng)?zhí)s寶玉結(jié)詩(shī)社，其貼文辭清麗，俊逸浪漫。本文選擇兩個(gè)英譯本，從意義傳達(dá)、情感傳達(dá)、文化傳達(dá)三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行賞析。

【關(guān)鍵詞】《紅樓夢(mèng)》;探春請(qǐng)?zhí)?英譯賞析

【作者簡(jiǎn)介】胡秋，四川職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院外語系。

《紅樓夢(mèng)》第三十七回探春致貼邀請(qǐng)寶玉結(jié)詩(shī)社，其帖文采風(fēng)流，清新浪漫。本文賞析中國(guó)翻譯家楊憲益與其夫人戴乃迭譯本及英國(guó)漢學(xué)家霍克斯譯本，以下簡(jiǎn)稱為楊譯和霍譯。

一、意義傳達(dá)

“前夕新霽，月色如洗，因惜清景難逢，詎忍就臥，時(shí)漏已三轉(zhuǎn)，猶徘徊于桐檻之下，未防風(fēng)露所欺，致獲采薪之患。”

探春描述自己因貪賞夜景導(dǎo)致生病的過程。“詎忍就臥，時(shí)漏已三轉(zhuǎn)，猶徘徊于桐檻之下，未防風(fēng)露所欺，致獲采薪之患”，楊譯為“I stayed up until midnight strolling under the trees. As a result， I caught a chill in the dew.” 霍譯為 “Thrice the clepsydra had been turned， and still I lingered beneath the tall paulownias， reluctant to go in. But in the end the treacherous night air betrayed me， and by morning I was lamentably indisposed.” 霍譯盡力保留原文意義，如“時(shí)漏已三轉(zhuǎn)”和“徘徊于桐檻之下”。漏，漏壺，古代的定時(shí)器，霍譯為“clepsydra”。“未防風(fēng)露所欺”，霍譯為 “treacherous night air betrayed me”表現(xiàn)出探春的俏皮風(fēng)趣。楊譯則體現(xiàn)原文大意，頗為簡(jiǎn)潔流暢。

二、情感傳達(dá)

“昨蒙親勞撫囑，復(fù)又?jǐn)?shù)遣侍兒?jiǎn)柷校嬉怎r荔并真卿墨跡見賜，何瘝痌惠愛之深哉！”

前文提到探春生病之時(shí)，寶玉親自探病，并遣丫鬟送去鮮荔枝以及顏真卿的書法。探春感激寶玉深切的關(guān)愛慰問，感嘆“何瘝痌惠愛之深哉”。“ 瘝痌”，病痛，這里是說寶玉像病生在自己身上那樣關(guān)切對(duì)方的健康。楊譯 “You took the trouble to come in person and cheer me up yesterday， then sent your maids with gifts of fresh lichees and Yan Zhenqings cal?ligraphy. I was extremely touched by your kind concern.” 霍譯 “How kind of you to have visited me in my sickroom！ and how exquisitely thoughtful to have sent your maid-servant shortly after?wards with solicitous inquiries and with those delicious lychees and the calligraphy by Yan Zhen-qing！” 霍譯一氣呵成，句式優(yōu)美，以整句譯整句。“How kind of you” 和“how exquisitely thoughtful”開頭的并列感嘆句，以及 “kind”， “exquisitely” ，“solicitous”等詞語的使用，表現(xiàn)出探春對(duì)寶玉的深情厚誼銘感于心，強(qiáng)烈而真摯。楊譯用了兩個(gè)句子，形式上不及霍譯緊湊，情感表達(dá)不似霍譯強(qiáng)烈。

三、文化傳達(dá)

“孰謂蓮社之雄才，獨(dú)許須眉，直以東山之雅會(huì)，讓余脂粉。”

探春欽羨古人開詩(shī)社，飲酒賦詩(shī)的雅興，認(rèn)為這不該是專屬于男子的特權(quán)，邀請(qǐng)寶玉結(jié)社。“東山之雅會(huì)”指東晉宰相謝安在東山結(jié)社。許譯 “Why should the genius of the Lotus Society be confined to men？ Why should girls be excluded from cultured gatherings like those in the Eastern Hills？ ” 許譯“東山之雅會(huì)”為 “cultured gatherings like those in the Eastern Hills”， 并加以注釋 “ The Jin Dynasty landlord-official Xie Au used to organize cultured gatherings in his country retreat”. 許譯傳達(dá)出原文的文化內(nèi)涵。霍譯為“Why should the founding of poetry clubs be the sole preroga?tive of the whiskered male， and female versificators allowed a voice in the tunable concert of the muses only when some enlightened patriarch sees fit to invite them？” . “ concert of the muses”， 字面意思是繆斯的音樂會(huì)。繆斯是古希臘神話中掌管文藝的女神，賦予詩(shī)人靈感。霍譯以西方文化來闡釋中國(guó)文化。

從以上分析可見，兩個(gè)文本各有特色，楊譯體現(xiàn)原文大意，譯文自然流暢，傳達(dá)出原文的文化內(nèi)涵。霍譯忠實(shí)度高，句式優(yōu)美，情感表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈真摯，以西方文化來闡釋中國(guó)文化。

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[2]Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. A Dream of Red Mansion [M].Beijing： Foreign Language Press，

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