Research on Lu Hsun’s Translation Works

◆Abstract：Lu Hsun pursued to call on his countrymen to save his country，so he chose to translate foreign works by hard translation.Furthermore，he renovated Chinese language in this way.

◆Key Words：Lu Hsun;Hard Translation;Translation

Ⅰ Lu Hsuns Standards of Choosing Translation Material

（1）To Provide Materials for Children

Owing to the poor field of fairy tales in China，Lu delicated to translating foreignworks for children.Lu Hsun prefer the materials which have positive attitude，or concern social criticism.Among these works，the narrowed cage was the first fairy tale translated by Lu Hsun.In that work，a corbetti incarcerated in the cage of the zoo dreaming of backing to the forest and enjoying the free life as before.All these animals who are kept with him dare not to embrace freedom.The corbetti was angry about their cowardice.Lu Hsun chose to translate this essay to make a wish to lead our children in the right direction after they read it.He wrote in the appendix to admire the auther：What I could do is to present them to our children as much as possible to refresh their thoughs and free their souls.

（2）To Awaken His Countrymen and Cultivate Their Scientific Spirit

The laboring massive crowds were suffering from such a indifferent character that nobody would consider to the unequal in their life，not to mention to fight for themselves.Lu Hsun believed that he translated the foreign works which could cultivate the crowds or awaken them which was accepted by certain scholars.He acclaimed：“using the ‘imported medicine to cure the traditional pain in Chinese crowds minds.”

（3）To Reflect the Same Problems Between the minorities and China

China was suffering from poverty and invasion，oppressed by the powers，which is accessible to the minorities of east European and north European.It is commonly understood that Lu Hsun wanted to seek literal friends in their literature.The special dimension of the foreword of that magazine was all the nations on the earth were the sons of mother lands，and no one was taken as the special one or became stronger than the others.So the fruit of spirits of all nations should be considered as the treasures that were owed by all people.Whats more，in the field of literature，there is no rank.These forewords speaks for all the minorities.Some persons who did not understand Lu Hsun like Lin eyes on minorities works instead the first class works of the writers of the powers.All his choices of translation material like women purchase the new cloth only aiming at fashion.”

（4）Being Attracted by Botany and Illustration

Lu Hsun was heavily attracted by botany since he was young.Coming back from Japan，he tought chemistry and biology at HangZhou Normal College in ZheJiang.After busy work，he went to West Lake to collect the specimens of plant.Lu Hsun has heavy interests on the plant.Accessible to the research material，with microscope and a few tools for collecting，then he could take on the plant research.He translated National Geographic Gride to Medicinal Herps.His brother said，“After take the major of medicine，the bioscience and philosophy of biology interests him a lot.Before several years of his death，he translated the records about insects，but failed.”

Ⅱ The Feature of Lu Hsuns Translation

（1）The Definition of Hard Translation

Hard translation is the most well-known skill used in Lu Hsuns translation works.Generally speaking，hard translation refers to a method of Translating the source text according to the grammatical structure and ways of expression of a foreign language，regardless of the acceptability of massive readers.Lu Hsun also explained his translation style in this way，“at utmost，translating faithfully to the original text but not coherently may just lead to the difficulty in understanding.After thinking it over and over，perhaps youll get to know it.However translating coherently but not faithfully may cause misunderstanding.And you will not get it across even through you try your best to think about it.”The term ‘hard translationcomes from Liang Shiqius article Mr.Lus ‘hard translation，which was published book entitled Literary and Art Criticism，a collection of art and literary criticism by a Russian writer Lunacharsky，which was and translated by Lu Hsun from its Japanese version.

（2）The Source of Shaping Hard Translation

Firstly，Chinese people hold in awe and veneration toward Buddhism.As the Buddhism was introduced to mainland，translators have not learn it.Under the basis of not learning the essence of the classics，they translated the classics，worrying about going against ideologies.They chose to hard translation.

Secondly，in terms of the political environment，normal scholars and massive crowds could criticize casually，and Lu Hsun could argue back for himself calmly.However，at that time，the Communist Party wanted to draw Lu Hsun over to Partys side，in order to make Lu Hsun translate some articles about Marxist preferring to the Communist Party.Meanwhile，once Lu Hsun close up to the Communist Party，the Chinese Kuomintang would hunt down Lu Hsun.For all those reasons，Lu Hsun decided to use hard translation.

Ⅳ The Influence Under Lu Hsuns Translation to Chinas Literature and Language

Under the lash of traditional language，during the 16 years after May Fourth movement，many writers and translators headed by Lu Hsun and Qu Qiubai，consciously took foreignizing translation.They absorbed massive western words on the one hand，on the other hand，they introduced sentence structure.Gradually，they refreshed Chinese words and promote mandarins toward mature.Whats more，foreignizing translation brought new literature forms such as free verse，prose poem，and novel.They realized Lu Hsuns early wishes.However，the acclaim that translating the source text stiffly without smoothness exerted bad influence.Readers might treat hard translation version of foreign works too unreasonable to read.Reviewing the literature translation of 20th century，professor.Sun Zhili argued that we should take foreignizing as often as possible.Compared with Lu Hsuns thought，This ideal is different tunes rendered with equal skill，and improve it at some degree.Mandarin becomes more and more mature，and we have passed by enlightenment stage，importing the essence of other language.China，at this stage，has joined the world integration from the original state—theory state.For the next step，China need to broaden its eyes and absorb essence of all nations.

Ⅴ Conclusion

Lu Hsun pursued to rise his countrymen，with the‘literary spiritand‘hope for evolutionas weapons.So he translated foreign works of minorities，especially those encounting the similar cruel life.with hard translation.Furthermore，he preferred to renovate Chinese language by absorbing the foreign language skills.

參考文獻

[1]科學·童話·弱勢文學：魯迅翻譯實踐的三個維度[D].湖南師范大學，2006.

[2]金博雅.魯迅和梁實秋的文學翻譯對比研究[J].北方文學（下旬），2011（5）：118-119.

作者簡介

王海蒙（1995.07.15—），女，漢族，重慶人，碩士在讀，單位：桂林電子科技大學外國語學院英語筆譯專業;研究方向：英語筆譯。