【摘要】后置定語是英語的一個重要的語言現象。本文以實例論述了采用歸化翻譯法來翻譯英語定語從句可以保證漢語譯文地對原文的信和順達。
【關鍵詞】后置定語;定語從句;歸化翻譯;英漢翻譯
【Abstract】Post-position attributes are a very significant phenomenon in English language. The article illustrates that the application of domestication in the translation of the English attributive clauses into Chinese can secure the faithfulness to the original, expressiveness and smoothness of the translation.
【Key words】post-position attribute, attributive clauses; domestication; English-Chinese translation
【作者簡介】王楠(1983-),女,河北唐山人,北京政法職業學院基礎部,講師,碩士學位,研究方向:商務英語,二語習得。
由于中英兩種語言的文化差異,漢語與英語在語義內含和語法結構上差異很大。英語的定語從句是英語后置定語的重要組成部分,是有別于漢語的一個獨特的語言現象。這是因為漢語中沒有后置定語,所有的定語都是前置于“的”字和被修飾語之前。
例如:Electricity passes from the track to the truck using a movable arm that extends from below the vehicle. 利用從車下延伸出的可移動臂,電流由軌道輸入卡車。
基于英語定語從句和它所修飾的名詞間的關系,定語從句在漢譯時可以被譯為漢語的:
1.獨立句:We benefit every day from advances in global communications, the Internet, and artificial intelligence systems, which contribute to electricity generation, air traffic control, manufacturing, and financial markets to mention but a few.
我們每天都會從全球交通、互聯網和人工智能系統所取得的進步中受益。這些進展促進了發電、空中交通管制、制造業和金融市場等眾多領域的發展。
He also said he would impose tariffs of 25 per cent on $325 billion of Chinese goods “shortly,” which would essentially mean all goods imported from China into the United States would be blanketed by duties.
他還說很快他將對3,250億美元的中國產品征收25%的關稅。這意味著基本上所有進口到美國的中國產品都將在征稅范圍之內。
2.并列子句: I have ordered a large tent online, which will be delivered to you this afternoon.
我在網上訂了一個大帳篷,今天下午就能送到你那兒。
3. 與主句形成對比的并列子句:In detective stories the murderers are always caught, which doesnt happen in the real world.偵探小說里的兇手總會被繩之以法,而在現實生活中是不會發生的。
4. 主句的謂語:This will be followed by phase II and III, which will require the chemical industry to purchase additional controls and equipment to reduce toxic emissions.
在這之后的第二階段和第三階段要求化工企業購買能減少毒性排放物的附加控制裝置和設備。
5. 原因狀語:Schumpeter argued that the main agents of economic growth are the entrepreneurs who introduce new products, new methods of production, and other innovations into otherwise static economic process.
熊彼德認為:經濟發展的主要動因是企業家,因為他們引進新產品、新生產方式和其他創新,否則經濟過程將會停滯。
6. 目的狀語:A negotiation that goes as far as possible to reach a position that leavers and remainders can both accept is essential.協商是必須的,以便盡可能使離歐派和留歐派都能夠接受。
7. 結果狀語:Light whiskey is stored in seasoned charred oak casks, which impact little color and flavor.
淡威士忌儲存在碳化處理的干櫟木桶內,因而色淡味寡。
8. 讓步狀語:The textile mill whose products enjoy a nation-wide fame spares no efforts in the development of its new products to strengthen its competitiveness in the market.
雖然這家紡織廠的產品在國內享有盛譽,但是始終致力于新產品的研發以便增強自己在市場上的競爭力。
9. 條件狀語:Anybody who violates the law will be punished; no matter he is a prince or an ordinary person.無論何人,不管是王子也好還是庶民如若違反了法律都要受到懲罰。
10. 時間狀語:A girl who was watching her telephone was knocked down by a truck and died.
一名女孩在看手機時,被卡車撞死了。
上述定語從句在漢譯時遵循目的語句法規則做了一些調整(adjustments; 奈達,1997),采用歸化翻譯法---用目的語讀者易懂流暢的文體翻譯來盡量減少原文的陌生感(韋努蒂 , 1995:15-20)。這些調整是建立在能夠更好地表達原文意義的前提之下,是譯文能夠以通順的詞語闡明原文,符合目的語語法,使漢語譯文不再冗贅的方法和技巧。
參考文獻:
[1]Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture and translating [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1997.