楊署光 楊秀光 趙悅 史敏晶 李言 鄧小敏 晁金泉 田維敏



摘?要:該文通過qPCR獲得了正常割膠條件下,9個茉莉酸信號途徑關鍵環節基因HbCOI1、HbJAZ1、HbJAZ2、HbJAZ3、HbMYC1、HbMYC2、HbMYC3、HbMYC4、HbMYC5和6個橡膠生物合成相關基因HbHRT2、HbSRPP、HbREF、HbHMGR1、HbHRT1、HbGAPDH在5個橡膠樹魏克漢種質和5個1981IRRDB種質膠乳中的表達數據;通過皮爾遜相關系數分析了這15個基因彼此間的表達相關性,分別獲得105對基因的雙變量相關系數(r12)和偏相關系數(r12.3),所有105對基因的雙變量相關系數(︱r12︱)和偏相關系數(︱r12.3︱)的平均值分別為0.486 ± 0.220和0.304 ± 0.211,達到0.05的差異顯著水平。其中,r12與r12.3方向相同的63對(60%),方向相反的42對(40%);︱r12︱<︱r12.3︱的23對(21.905%),︱r12︱>︱r12.3︱的82對(78.095%);雙變量相關顯著性P<0.05的76對(72.38%),P<0.01的59對(56.19%);偏相關顯著性P<0.05的21對(20%),P<0.01的16對(15.24%)。結果顯示,這兩條途徑中的基因表達彼此相關,這為基因表達譜分析中普遍采用的前提假設“功能相關基因的表達相關”提供了進一步的實驗證據,可用于挖掘、篩選和預測與橡膠生物合成相關的未知基因,為研究橡膠樹產量形成的分子調控機理提供理論基礎。
關鍵詞:巴西橡膠樹, 割膠, 茉莉酸信號途徑, 橡膠生物合成, 基因表達, Pearson相關
中圖分類號:Q943.2
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1000-3142(2020)12-1790-10
Abstract:Tapping-enhanced rubber biosynthesis is closely related to the activation of jasmonic acid signaling in laticifer cells of rubber tree.The expression level of genes related to jasmonic acid signaling pathway and rubber biosynthesis were both positively correlated with the dry rubber yield.However, the exact relationship between the expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid signaling and rubber biosynthesis is not to be elucidated yet.In the present study, qPCR was used to analyze the expression of nine jasmonic acid signaling genes, HbCOI1, HbJAZ1, HbJAZ2, HbJAZ3, HbMYC1, HbMYC2, HbMYC3, HbMYC4, HbMYC5 and six rubber biosynthesis genes, HbHRT2, HbSRPP, HbREF, HbHMGR1, HbHRT1, HbGAPDH, in laticifer cells of five Wichham germplasms and five 1981IRRDB germplasms following tapping them with S/2D d3 tapping system, Hb18S was used as internal reference gene.The correlation between these 15 genes was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient.The bivariate correlation coefficient (r12) and partial correlation coefficient (r12.3) of 105 gene pairs were obtained with the mean ± standard deviation of 0.486 ± 0.220 and 0.304 ± 0.211, respectively.Among them, 63 gene pairs (60%) with r12 in the same direction as r12.3 and 42 genes pairs (40%) in the opposite direction; In the degree of correlation, 23 gene pairs (21.905%) with | r12 | less than | r12.3 |, and 82 gene pairs (78.095%) with | r12 | greater than | r12.3 |.There 76 gene pairs (72.38%) bivariate correlation coefficient (r12) were significant correlation at P<0.05 level and 59 gene pairs (56.19%) at P<0.01 level.In contrast, there less partial correlation coefficient (r12.3) were significant correlation at P<0.05 level (21pairs, 20%) and P<0.01 level (16 pairs, 15.24%).These results suggested that the expression of genes involved in these two pathways were related to each other, which provides a further evidence for the assumption that “expression correlation of functional related genes”, which is widely adopted in gene expression profile analysis.It can be used for excavating, screening and predicting unknown genes related to rubber biosynthesis, as well as provides a theoretical basis for studying the molecular regulation mechanism of rubber yield formation in Hevea brasiliensis.
Key words:Hevea brasiliensis, tapping, jasmonate signaling, rubber biosynthesis, gene expression, Pearson correlation
茉莉酸是植物逆境響應的關鍵激素信號(Qi et al., 2011),COI1、JAZ和MYC是茉莉酸信號途徑的關鍵環節(Chini et al., 2009);JA-Ile、COI1、JAZ和MYC通過精細的互作(Donnell et al., 1996; Chini et al., 2007; Fonseca et al., 2009; Qi et al., 2011)參與植物次生代謝的調節(Qi et al., 2011; Schweizer et al., 2013)。巴西橡膠樹中的天然橡膠生物合成是一種典型的植物類異戊二烯代謝,受茉莉酸信號途徑的調節(Deng et al., 2018);橡膠生物合成途徑包括一系列橡膠生物合成關鍵酶(Koyama & Tanaka, 1996),如REF(Dennis & Light, 1989)、HMGR(Chye et al., 1992)、HRT(Asawatreratanakul et al., 2003)、SRPP(Collins, 2009)等;茉莉酸信號途徑對這些酶的精細調節機制尚不完全清楚。橡膠樹種質PR107、RRIM600、熱墾628、熱墾525和熱墾523的干膠產量普遍高于RO/CM/10 44/160、MT/IT/13 29/8、RO/C/8 24/104、RO/I/103 107和RO/CM/10 44/454,并且茉莉酸信號途徑關鍵環節基因HbCOI1、HbJAZ1、HbJAZ2、HbJAZ3、HbMYC1、HbMYC2、HbMYC3、HbMYC4、HbMYC5的表達和橡膠生物合成酶基因HbHRT2、HbSRPP、HbREF、HbHMGR1、HbHRT1、HbGAPDH的表達與他們的橡膠產量正相關(楊署光等,2019a,b)。但是,這些基因表達的株間差異以及這些基因間的表達相關性尚不清楚。本研究通過分析這些基因在這10份種質中的表達相關性,可為研究橡膠樹產量形成的分子調控機理提供理論基礎。
1?材料與方法
1.1 材料
10份巴西橡膠樹(Hevea brasiliensis)種質、試劑、耗材與先前的報道相同(楊署光等,2019a,b)。其中,RO/C/8 24/104為2株、RO/I/103 107為4株,其他種質各3株,共30株樹。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 材料處理?生產中按S/2D d3正常割膠,在8月份的某次割膠時,分別收集前10 min流出的膠乳,用于提取膠乳總RNA。
1.2.2 總RNA的提取與cDNA的合成
用曾日中等(2003)的方法提取膠乳總RNA。cDNA第一鏈的合成與先前的報道相同(楊署光等,2019a,b)。
1.2.3 基因表達分析
1.2.3.1 qPCR引物合成?引物為序列來自文獻(Tian et al., 2013;楊署光等,2019a,b),委托Invitrogen公司合成。
1.2.3.2 qPCR反應?qPCR反應按先前報道的方法完成(楊署光等,2019a,b)。
1.3 數據處理
以Hb18S作內參,按先前報道的方法(楊署光等,2019a,b)計算目的基因的相對表達值。用SPSS軟件分析基因表達值的Pearson 相關性,P<0.01表示極顯著相關,P<0.05表示顯著相關;相關性的密切程度參照文獻報道(朱婉麗,2019)的標準,根據相關系數(r)的數值大小,分為四個等級:0<|r︱≤0.3為微弱相關;0.3<︱r︱≤0.5為低度相關;0.5<︱r︱≤0.8為中度相關;0.8<︱r︱≤1為高度相關。
分別用SPSS軟件的Duncan檢驗和Excel TTEST(Array 1,Array 2,Tails 2,Type 2)完成多重比較分析和雙樣本比較分析:P<0.01表示組間差異極顯著,P<0.05表示組間差異顯著。用GraphPad Prism 5作圖。
2?結果與分析
2.1 橡膠樹種質膠乳中橡膠生物合成調控相關基因的表達分析
qPCR分析表明,不同種質中的基因表達差異明顯,相同種質的生物學重復間也能達到極顯著差異,并且高產種質中的基因表達普遍高于低產種質(圖1、圖2)。在高低產種質組間,COI1(圖1:A)、JAZ1(圖1:B)、JAZ2(圖1:C)、JAZ3(圖1:D)、MYC1(圖1:E)、MYC2(圖1:F)、MYC3(圖1:G)、MYC5(圖2:I)、GAPDH(圖2:J)、HMGR1(圖2:K)、REF(圖2:M)、HRT2(圖2:O)差異極顯著,HRT1(圖2:N)差異顯著,SRPP(圖2:L)差異不大,MYC4(圖1:H)差異不顯著;高低產之比分別為1.74、1.84、2.17、3.73、2.58、2.38、8.72、0.34、2.58、1.36、2.28、3.02、1.84、1.36、1.01。15個基因在高低產種質組間的平均表達差異極顯著,兩者之比為2.08(圖2:P)。
2.2 橡膠樹種質膠乳中橡膠生物合成調控相關基因表達的相關性分析
共分析了15個基因間的表達相關性,分別獲得105對基因的雙變量相關系數(r12)和偏相關系數(r12.3)(圖3、圖4)。其中,r12與r12.3方向相同的占60%,相反的占40%;微弱相關、低度相關、中度相關、高度相關的r12分別為20.952%、 33.333%、37.143%、8.571%,在r12.3中分別為54.286%、22.667%、18.095%、0.952%;︱r12︱<︱r12.3︱的為21.905%,︱r12︱>︱r12.3︱的為78.095%;顯著相關和極顯著相關的r12分別為72.38%和56.19%,在r12.3中分別為20%和15.24%;在30個植株中,9個茉莉酸信號途徑相關基因表達的平均值與6個橡膠生物合成相關基因表達的平均值間的r12為0.892,極顯著正相關。
分析了單個基因分別與其余14個基因間Pearson 相關系數的平均值(圖4:P)。所有105對基因的︱r12︱和︱r12.3︱的平均值分別為0.486和0.304,兩者差異顯著;HRT2、REF、COI1、JAZ1、JAZ3、MYC1、GAPDH、MYC2、MYC3的︱r12︱與︱r12.3︱差異顯著,而HMGR1、SRPP、HRT1、JAZ2、MYC4、MYC5的︱r12︱與︱r12.3︱差異不顯著;各組中︱r12︱普遍大于︱r12.3︱,但彼此間的差異顯著性具有廣泛的交集;5個MYC家族
成員中,MYC1,2,3與其他14個基因的相關性相當,且極顯著高于MYC4,5;3個JAZ家族成員中,JAZ1,2,3與其他14個基因的相關性差異不大,僅JAZ1,2間的︱r12︱達到0.05的顯著水平;相對而言,REF、GAPDH、MYC1、MYC2和MYC3與其他14個基因的相關性高于MYC4和MYC5。
3?討論與結論
橡膠樹的橡膠生物合成是一種典型的植物類異戊二烯代謝,茉莉酸信號途徑與類異戊二烯代因的表達與橡膠產量的相關性;同時,該研究結果顯示,這兩條途徑中的基因表達彼此間具有一定的相關性,說明功能相關的蛋白,基因表達傾向相關;這為基因表達譜分析中普遍采用的前提假設“功能相關基因的表達相關”提供了理論依據,可用于挖掘、篩選和預測與橡膠生物合成相關的未知基因,為研究橡膠樹產量形成的分子調控機理提供理論基礎。
從多個角度研究了“功能相關基因的表達相關”這一現象。在線蟲(Roy et al., 2002; Lercher et al., 2003)、酵母(Cohen et al., 2000; 王晨光等,2006)、果蠅(Spellman & Rubin,2002)和人類(Lercher et al., 2002;郭政等,2003)等不同物種上陸續發現了染色體上鄰近基因表達相關這一現象。酵母中互作蛋白質的編碼基因(王磊等,2004;王晨光等,2006;歐陽玉梅,2008)、蛋白質復合物的編碼基因(Jansen et al., 2002;王磊等,2004)表達顯著相關,并且功能聯系越強基因表達相關性越高(王磊等,2004),相互作用蛋白質更傾向于對具有相同的亞細胞定位(王晨光等,2006;歐陽玉梅,2008);對基因數據庫的分析表明,同一代謝通路上的基因表達傾向于高度相關(Harris et al., 2004; Kanehisa et al., 2004;Curtis et al., 2005),在酵母(李傳星等,2004;王晨光等,2006)和狗(華琳等,2008)的研究中進一步證實了這種相關性。以上結果表明真核生物中的基因存在模塊化的共表達趨勢。
“功能相關基因的表達相關”具有實驗條件依賴性:不同的實驗條件對這種相關性有一定的影響(Bader et al., 2004;王晨光等,2006)。橡膠生物合成途徑中也存在類似的實驗條件依賴性,如在該研究的S/2D d3的割膠制度下,MYC1和MYC2顯著正偏相關,而在S/2D d1的割膠制度下相反(Zhao et al., 2011)。研究基因組內和跨基因組的基因表達譜與蛋白質相互作用之間的相關性,發現與人類、小鼠等物種相比,酵母的蛋白質相互作用與基因表達譜的相關性最弱(Bhardwaj & Lu, 2005),推測“功能相關基因的表達相關”具有進化程度依賴性。
“HbCOI1-HbJAZs-HbMYCs”彼此間、家族成員間以及他們與FPS、SRPP、REF、HRT2等橡膠生物合成關鍵酶的相互作用(馬弗明, 2010;趙悅,2011;劉偉,2011;何鑫, 2013;包杰,2014;肖華,2015;王靖等,2016;姚笛,2016;鄧小敏等, 2018;Deng et al, 2018)表明他們在調控橡膠生物合成過程中具有協同作用,為這些基因的表達相關性提供了理化基礎。
橡膠樹的產量性狀是一種典型的次生產量性狀,由反復合理的收獲脅迫(割膠)形成,是一個“形成-收獲-再形成-再收獲……”的過程(林位夫,2012);2次割膠之間的橡膠再生以及相關基因的表達是一個動態過程;由于基因表達的動態性、瞬時性、多樣性和復合性,不同mRNA 的穩定性和降解速率不同,可能會影響特定實驗條件下的基因表達水平(Kruglyak & Tang, 2000)。因此,系統追蹤這些相關基因在排膠過程中的表達相關性是今后的一個研究方向。
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