英文摘要

DevelopmentofElectrochemicalOxidationTechnologyinOrganicWastewaterTreatment(1)

Luo Zhen1，2Wang Yilin1，2Zhang Xiaofei1，2

(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumPollutionControl； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTElectrochemical oxidation technology has great potential in the application of organic wastewater treatment. In a long-term study， there are the problems of efficiency， pollution， energy consumption， and thus materials， structures， and operations of the technology， are optimized and explored. Herein， according to the method and target effect， the optimization research of electrochemical oxidation technology is discussed， and the development of electrochemical oxidation treatment of organic wastewater is summarized in recent years. It can be mainly summarized in two directions：one is to load high electricity catalytic materials on the plate and filling particles， while improving the preparation method to enhance its stability and electrocatalytic activity；the other is to optimize the reactor structure， electrode plate shape， water inlet angle， by improving the mixed effect and transfer performance to achieve uniform current distribution and avoiding dead ends and short circuits. Overall， it significantly provides theoretical support for the follow-up research focus and application of electrochemical oxidation technology.

KEYWORDSelectrochemical oxidation； plate modification； filling particles； reactor

PilotStudyonAdvancedTreatmentofHeavyOilWastewater(6)

Tong Kun1，2Xie Jiacai1，2Liu Jie3Wang Dong3Zeng Wei3Zhang Hao3

(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumPollutionControl； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 3.PetroChinaLiaoheOilField)

ABSTRACTTo meet the stringent discharge standards， a 5 m3/h field pilot study was conducted to treat heavy oil wastewater that has rich dissolved recalcitrant organic compounds and low nutrient of nitrogen and phosphorus. The wastewater was pretreated by oil removing， flotation and filtration processes. Three kinds of combined process have been operated for advanced treatment of heavy oil wastewater， which are half saturated lignite activated coke pre-adsorption-biological treatment-lignite activated coke adsorption， lignite activated coke adsorption-biological treatment-ozone catalytic oxidation， and ozone catalytic oxidation-biological treatment-ozone catalytic oxidation. Each experiment has been lasted for 30 days. Experiment result indicates that the cost of all three processes can be controlled under 6.0 yuan/m3(RMB)， and the treatment result can meet the standard discharge. The process of half saturated lignite activated coke pre-adsorption-biological treatment-lignite activated coke pre-adsorption has the best treatment effect and the lowest cost， which is only 4.31 yuan/m3(RMB). In this study， we use the half saturated lignite activated coke that had adsorbed the biological process effluent to adsorb raw water. This method not only improves the utilization ratio of active coke， but also reduces biological process load. On the whole， it will provide a technical basis for the construction of heavy oil wastewater advanced treatment plant.

KEYWORDSheavy oil wastewater； biological treatment； lignite-activated coke； ozone catalytic oxidation

FeasibilityStudyontheTechnologyofSynergeticUtilizationofShaleCuttingsinCementKiln(11)

Chen Haitao Liu Shi Hou Wei Liang Yi Wei Jun Nie Qiangyong

(PetroChinaChuanqingDrillingEngineeringCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTAccording to the processing of solid waste reduction and recycling requirements， this paper discusses a kind of processing method on shale gas development in the oil content of less than 1% of oil-base cuttings utilization. Because the composition of the cuttings is similar to that of cement raw materials such as coal gangue， the residual mixed coal gangue is used as cement auxiliary material for cement production. The feasibility of this method is explored through experimental research. The influence on cement production parameters and energy consumption is investigated. The results show that the energy consumption increases by 13 MJ/t after the use of shale. The concentration of SO2discharged from the chimney in cement production process is higher than that in blank， but all conform to GB 16297—1996 “IntegratedEmissionStandardofAirPollutants”；For cement products produced by replacing coal gangue with 0.5% cuttings， cement quality indexes such as fineness， setting time and strength of samples meet the requirements of GB 175—2007 “GeneralPortlandCement”.

KEYWORDSshale cuttings； resource utilization； cement accessories； impact analysis

TheApplicationsandSuggestionsforEnergySavingTechnologiesinMechanicalRecoverySystem(14)

Meng Xiangtao1Zhang Xiaoyan2

(1.HSEDepartmentofSINOPECZhongyuanOilfieldCompany； 2.ProdutionandOperationDepartmentofSINOPECZhongyuanOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTIn this paper， the application of 8 typical energy saving technologies in beam-pumping systems of Zhongyuan Oilfield is systematically summarized. Old oil field development faced with declining production， water cut rising， tons of oil such as high cost and high consumption of inefficient contradictions. To find out suitable for low cost and energy saving technology and management measures in old oilfield development， through the new equipment facilities to add new type pumping unit， digital oilfield construction preferred electromechanical integration control technology， machine mining equipment technical reform in the first permanent magnet half/full straight drive control technology， internal contract energy management mechanism， so as to realize reducing energy consumption， improve energy efficiency and stable production efficiency.

KEYWORDSenergy-saving technologies； energy consum-ption decrease； beam-pumping systems

ExperimentalStudyonOptimizationofVacuumPyrolysisProcessofOil-basedDrillingCuttingsinShaleGasField(17)

Xiong Deming1，2Liao Peng3Liu Pu1，2Wang Chaoqiang1，2

(1.ChongqingEnvironmentalProtectionEngineeringTechnologyCenterforShaleGasDevelopment； 2.ChongqingEnvironmentalProtectionCenterforShaleGasTechnology&Development； 3.YangtzeNormalUniversity)

ABSTRACTAfter several years of test and practice， it is found that oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis technology has many advantages， such as high oil recovery， stability， reliability， safety and environmental protection in Fuling Shale Gas Field. However， there are also practical problems such as high energy consumption， easy coking and low quality of recovered oil. On the basis of fully investigating pyrolysising equipment， a self-made pyrolysis simulation test device has been developed. The pyrolysis parameters of oil-based drilling cuttings are optimized by studying the influence of single factor on pyrolysis effect. The test results show that the pyrolysis efficiency of oil-based drilling cuttings can be affected by final pyrolysis temperature， residence time， heating rate and vacuum degree. The pyrolysis temperature is the main factor affecting the pyrolysis effect. Secondly， the optimum operating conditions of pyrolysis are screened by orthogonal test. When the final pyrolysis temperature is 400℃， residence time is 50 min， heating rate is 30℃/min， vacuum is 0.1 MPa， and no coking phenomenon is found in the test. The oil content of oil-based drilling cuttings residue is 0.29%， which meets the GB 4284—2018 “ControlStandardsofPollutantsinSludgeforAgriculturalUse” limit. Finally， the mineral oil tests show that the composition distribution of mineral oil before and after pyrolysis is basically the same， mainly alkanes (over 60%) and aromatics (about 10%). It belongs to the distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in typical oil-based drilling cuttings. The pyrolysis test does not destroy the foundation， and the quality of recovered mineral oil is higher.

KEYWORDSshale gas； oil-base drilling cuttings； vacuum pyrolysis； orthogonal test； parameter optimization

StudyontheMatchingRelationshipBetweenProfileControlParticleSizeandPermeabilityofOilProductionSludgeInjectionWell(22)

Jin Xuechao1Tang Yu2Liu Lujun3

(1.OilandGasEngineeringResearchInstituteofCNPCJilinOilfieldCompany； 2.HSESupervisionStationofCNPCJilinOilfieldCompany； 3.FuyuOilExtractionPlantofCNPCJilinOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTIn the process of oil field development， along with the production of crude oil， a lot of oily sludge has been produced. Herein， oily sludge is developed to profile control of water injection wells. This paper focuses on the evaluation of three models of resistance coefficient， residual resistance coefficient and plugging rate. The matching relationship between sludge particles and reservoir permeability is preliminarily determined through experiments：500 mD—0.02 mm， 1 000 mD—(0.02-0.06 mm)， and 2 000 mD—(0.1-0.3 mm). Sludge has better plugging and erosion resistance performance. In addition， sludge particles have better injection performance in fractured reservoir， and can make full use of particle bridging theory to enter pore structure under formation conditions. Therefore， the use of oily sludge in profile control of water injection well is not only an effective method for the reuse of oily sludge， but also a technical measure for the comprehensive treatment of oil field and the reduction of production cost.

KEYWORDSoily sludge； profile control； particle size range； permeability； matching relationship

StudyonEnvironmentalProtectionCleaningAgentsforSludgeTreatment(25)

Chen Shining1Chen Dianzhang2Mei Guangjun1Cheng Qian1Yan Zheng1Liu cai1

(1.DepartmentofResourcesandEnvironmentalEngineering，WuhanUniversityofTechnology； 2.HubeiEngineeringLaboratoryforSludgeTreatmentTechnologyandEquipment)

ABSTRACTTaking sludge from Jianghan Oil Production Plant with oil content of 21.2% as the sample， we selected a thermochemical pretreatment coupled flotation separation technology to treat oily sludge. Through screening and compounding， a cleaning agent combination with high cleaning efficiency and environmental friendliness was formed， including the ratio of alkyl glucoside (APG-0810)， polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000)， and Na2SiO3(mass ratio， 1∶3∶6). The optimal cleaning conditions were as follows：the cleaning solution concentration was 0.01 g/mL， the hot washing temperature was 70℃， the hot washing time was 20 min， the pH value was 9， the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶6， the flotation agitation speed was 1 000 r/min， the flotation charging capacity was 0.2 L/min， and the flotation time was 15 min. After three times of cleaning， the oil removal rate of the sludge reached 93.40%， and the residual oil content of the sludge decreased to 1.74%， meeting the requirements of HJ 607—2011 “TechnicalSpecificationsforPollutionControlofUsedMineralOilRecovery，RecycleandReuse”. Infrared spectroscopy of crude oil before and after sludge cleaning showed that the main components of crude oil did not change， and the crude oil obtained after treatment had a high recycling value.

KEYWORDSsludge； flotation； environmentally friendly； Alkyl glucoside； oil removal rate

SimulationStudyonLowTemperatureThermalDesorptionofOil-basedDrillingCuttings(29)

Zhang Zhena Jin Zhaodi Lin Chuangang Han Xin Yue Yong Liang Rengang Fang Jilei

(JerehEnvironmentalTechnologyCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTIn order to reduce the adverse impact and harm of oil based cuttings on environment and to recover resources to the maximum extent， a low temperature thermal desorption method to treat oil based cuttings was proposed. This low temperature thermal desorption process was simulated by drilling fluid oil water solid phase separation device and orthogonal experimental method. In addition， thermogravimetric analyzer and gas chromatography were used to explore the weight loss rule of oil based drilling cuttings pyrolysis and the distribution characteristics of total petroleum hydrocarbon of recovered oil. The results indicated that the treatment temperature was the main influencing factor of low temperature thermal desorption， the residence time was the second， and the heating rate is was the least. At 350℃， the oil content of oil-based drilling cuttings thermal desorption residue could be reduced to less than 0.3%， meeting GB 4284—2018 “ControlStandardsofPollutantsinSludgeforAgriculturalUse”； the increase of water content in oil-based drilling cuttings was beneficial to improve the thermal desorption effect at low temperature. Both the thermal desorption effect and economy were the best when the water content of raw material was 5%-10%. Therefore， the recovered oil will have good quality by the low temperature thermal desorption， and the total petroleum hydrocarbond distribution is basically consistent with raw materials.

KEYWORDSoil-based drill cuttings； low temperature thermal desorption； influencing factors； petroleum hydrocarbons

StudyontheMigrationSimulationofVolatilePhenolinGroundwaterofaCompanyinNortheastChina(33)

Zhai Yong1Huang Liang2Zhen Zhansheng2

(1.JilinBranchofChinaKunlunEngineeringCo.，Ltd.； 2.PetroChinaLiaohePetrochemicalCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTTaking a chemical enterprise in Northeast China as the main research object， the groundwater in this area was investigated. As a typical case， this paper analyzed the influence of volatile phenol substances in groundwater on the environment through the investigation and study of the groundwater in this site area， and established a numerical model of groundwater on this basis to predict the migration degree of volatile phenol substances. The results indicated that the main pollutants in the area water were volatile phenol. By simulating the solute transport in the factory for 10 years and comparing the distribution of volatile phenol after 1， 5 and 10 years， we speculated that the volatile phenols in the site would not affect the downstream basin. After 10 years， the concentration of volatile phenol was concentrated in 0.002-0.1 mg/L， which showed obvious degradation effect compared with the present stage.

KEYWORDSgroundwater； numerical simulation； solute transport； volatile phenol

StudyonTreatmentofHighSalinityWastewaterbyAdvancedCatalyticOxidationProcess(38)

Zong Mingyue

(PetroChina(Xinjiang)PetroleumEngineeringCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTIn view of the water quality characteristics of Fengcheng Oilfield production wastewater， such as high salinity， high temperature， high salinity， and poor biodegradability， the process of coagulation sedimentation-advanced catalytic oxidation was adopted， and the treated effluent could meet the secondary discharge standard of GB 8978—1996 “IntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard”. The removal rate of COD， volatile phenol and petroleum was 36%-49%， 11%-21%， and 42%-69%， respectively， in the coagulation sedimentation stage；the removal rate of COD， volatile phenol， and petroleum was 20%-40%， 69%-73%， and 16%-20%， respectively， in the catalytic oxidation stage.

KEYWORDSproduction wastewater； coagulation sedimentation； advanced catalytic oxidation； COD； volatile phenol； petroleum

ExperimentalStudyonPhotocatalyticDegradationofPhenolWastewaterbyNano-Titania(40)

Jiao Wei Liu Yiyang

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTA photocatalytic oxidation experiment of titanium dioxide was carried out to simulate the degradation of phenol wastewater. Accoding to experimental results， the removal of COD first increased and then decreased with the increase of the aeration amount of phenol wastewater at 0-3 L/min； when the initial concentration remained unchanged and the light time was 1 h， and the pH value was adjusted from 3 to 11， the COD removal rate of phenol wastewater decreased with the increase of pH value； when the pH value was 11， the COD removal rate increased again， and the COD removal rate was higher under acidic conditions than under alkaline condition； with the increase of TiO2concentration， the COD removal rate increased； when the TiO2concentration was 10 g/L， the COD removal rate decreased on the contrary， and the optimal TiO2concentration was 3 g/L； as the initial concentration of phenol wastewater increased from 75 mg/L to 300 mg/L， the COD removal rate decreased from 78.2% to 58.1%； the removal rate of COD and TOC was not affected by the change of reaction temperature.

KEYWORDSphenol wastewater； nano-Titania； photocatalytic oxidation； biodegradability

GroundwaterEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentofLandingPipelinetotheOilandGasTerminal(43)

Deng Bingjie Yan Wenjuan Chen Yuanyuan

(CNOOCEnvironmentalProtectionService(Tianjin)Co.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTAccording to the situation of oil leakage in the landing pipeline of oil and gas terminal， the groundwater environmental impact analysis is carried out in this paper. Based on the investigation and comprehensive analysis of regional topographical features， strati-graphic lithology， geological structure， hydro-geological conditions and other factors， we determined the relevant pipeline parameters， established the prediction model， and predicted the prediction results of pipeline leakage crude oil migration in groundwater at different times under abnormal conditions. Under abnormal conditions， the prediction results of oil leakage from the landing pipeline migration in groundwater at different times. As the results shown， on the 2 944 days， the pollutant of petroleum in the groundwater diffused to the coastline， and the detected concentration appeared； on the 3 291 days， pollutants from the coastline exceeded the standard. This work will provide practical experience for similar work of groundwater environmental impact assessment and environmental risk prevention.

KEYWORDSoil and gas terminal； landing pipeline； leakage； groundwater； migration

EcologicalImpactAnalysisofOilSpillintheGulfofMexico(47)

Dong Wenwan Wang Yanchang Wu Juntao

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTTaking the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as a example that was the most serious oil pollution event in the history of the United States， this paper analyzes the process of the accident， the emergency measures， the impact on the ecology， and the long-term impact and compensation ten years after the accident. The results show that the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has caused long-term biological and ecological impacts on fish， birds， benthic organisms and rare and endangered species in the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico. The impacts have been reduced but can not be completely eliminated after multiple compensation measures.

KEYWORDSGulf of Mexico oil spill； long-term ecological impact； ecological compensation measures

StudyonApplicationofLeakageDetectionandRemediationTechnologyinaNaturalGasProcessingPlant(51)

Wang Jiaokai Kong Xiangjun Zhang Baohua Xie Yuan Li mingyue

(EnergyConservation&PollutionReductionMonitorCenterCO.，Ltd.，CNOOC)

ABSTRACTLeakage detection and repair (LDAR) technology has been widely used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission reduction of petroleum refining and petrochemical enterprises， but there are few applications in upstream enterprises engaged in exploitation and processing of oil and gas. LDAR is used to perform overall leakage detection and statistics analysis on a natural gas processing plant. As a result， 23 sealing points that happen leakage are found， and the overall leakage rate is 0.47%， and the initial repair rate is 26.1% by LDAR. The VOCs emission can be calculated as 1.864 8 tons per year after remediation. Through the implementation of LDAR work， the emission reduction of VOCs can achieve good economic and environmental benefits， meanwhile provide references for VOCs fugitive pollution prevention in upstream enterprises engaged in exploitation and processing of oil and gas.

KEYWORDSLDAR； natural gas processing plant； volatile organic compounds

StatusandPolicySuggestionsforOnlineMonitoringofVolatileOrganicCompoundsinPetrochemicalIndustry(55)

He Shaolin1Chen Hui1Yu Jingqi1，2Ge Yanbing1Lyu Xiaojun3Wang Jing3

(1.PetroChinaPlanningandEngineeringInsititute； 2.EcologyandEnvironmentBranchofStateCenterforResearchandDevelopmentofOilShaleExploitation； 3.AppraisalCenterforEnvironmentandEngineering，MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment)

ABSTRACTBased on the requirements for online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the refinery and petrochemical industry， the installation status of VOCs online monitoring was investigated. The survey data of more than 40 enterprises show that the VOCs online monitoring installation of refinery and petrochemical industry in China is currently in its infancy. A couple of problems need to be resolved， including significant differences in comparative data， inconsistent installation requirements for source items， fugitive emissions supervision， monitoring method of treating efficiency， applicability in petrochemical enterprises. It is recommended that the source installation requirements for VOCs online monitoring should be clarified. Moreover， technical specifications， comparison standard procedures， qualified product catalog should be formulated， and more importantly fugitive emissions supervision method should be explored.

KEYWORDSpetrochemical industry； volatile organic compounds； online monitoring

InfluenceFactorsandImprovementMeasuresofAnalysisMethodforDeterminationofSuspendedSolidsinWastewaterContainingPolymersinOilFields(59)

Ma Xiaoqiang1Jing Hui2

(1.QHSEDepartmentofPetroChinaDaqingOilfieldCompany； 2.QualitySafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionSupervisionandEvaluationCenter，PetroChinaDaqingOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTAt present， a single membrane filtration method is usually used for the determination of suspended solids in the produced wastewater containing polymers in Daqing Oilfield， but this method has some problems such as long filtration time and high determination results. Through laboratory simulation experiments， we analyzed the influence of residual polymer content and polymer molecular weight on the determination results of suspended solids， and improved the determination and analysis method of suspended solids. These results show that the measurement time of suspended solids can be shorter and the accuracy can be higher after high speed shearing or hydrogen peroxide treatment or double filtration membrane filtration.

KEYWORDSoilfield wastewater containing polymers； suspend solids content； membrane filter method

ResearchontheSafetyManagementModeofOilTransportationCompanyUndertheNewSituation(62)

Huang Wei Zeng Mingyou

(PetroChinaChangqingOilfieldCompanyNo.2OilTransmissionStation)

ABSTRACTBecause the storage and transportation medium of oil enterprises is inflammable and explosive， once the accident happens， the loss and social influence are great. At present， there are still some problems in the management， such as illegal criminals drilling and stealing oil， leakage risk caused by the long service life of pipelines， and limited ability of enterprise safety management personnel. This paper draws lessons from the thinking of “responsible land” in rural areas， and introduces the safety management mode of “one divided and two controlled” in pipeline transportation enterprises explored and formed in the management of this enterprise， so as to jointly explore management experience and continuously improve the safety management of station and warehouse as well as the prevention and control level of pipeline leakage.

KEYWORDSoil transportation company； safety management； mode

SafetyandEnvironmentalRiskAnalysisandCountermeasuresofSnubbingServiceinDaqingOilfield(64)

Wu Zhiqiang

(DownholeOperationBranchofCNPCGroupGreatWallDrillingEngineeringCo.，Ltd.)

ABSTRACTSafety and environmental risks are identified from the three aspects of wellbore string， ground equipment and facilities， and site management， based on the oil and water well snubbing service in Daqing Oilfield in recent 15 years. By evaluating the mechanism and harm caused by these risks， perfecting the site management system， developing or installing professional equipment and devices to prevent the occurrence of safety and environmental accidents， optimizing the completion and cooperating with the construction technology and other preventive measures， safety and environmental protection problems that may occur in pressure operation can be effectively reduced.

KEYWORDSworkover operation； snubbing service； environmental protection； risk analysis