On the development and evolution of poems and postscripts

馮凡

As students of traditional Chinese painting，only to learn traditional Chinese painting of the door is not enough，as Chinese traditional culture，poetry，calligraphy and painting，and so on all have inner link and profound traditional culture is not the traditional Chinese painting can include a door So there is the necessity of learning about poetry May also be to understand the traditional culture of other knowledge before I used to think of painting poetry topic extraction，that poetry is in the service of the images，the relationship between the two complement each other Here it is divided into poetry and inscription two opposite to understand first，to understand the development of poetry.

In the history of Chinese literature，we can see the earliest poetry is about three thousand years ago in the book of songs，this is the first anthology of poetry in China，a total of three hundred and five articles，called poem or started And its content has the wind，the three parts，the points from the Angle of music Have assigned on the technique of expression，bi and xing 3 kinds So the predecessors to the wind，elegant，praise and fu，than，xing called the six righteousness of poetry On the syntax of the language，basically be four word sentence.

In the wei jin southern and northern dynasties，the rules of poetry and rhymes haven't everyone abide by the laws of the formation，just by the author according to the individual needs and development of the content of the feeling for writing In wei and jin dynasty，due to the Vatican sound of India（called tianzhu）study，the influence of the development of our country's Chinese phonologist JiLiang weeks Yong and Shen Yao summarizes the law of the pronunciation of Chinese characters.

The above is a brief account of the development of poetry. After understanding the development context，we should begin to learn how to write a simple poem. At that time，the teacher recommended a "search rhyme" WeChat official account，which was very helpful. Entering your own poems can quickly find out the mistakes in sentence patterns，and then try to figure out how to change them. There is a huge gap between the ancient people's poems and the scenes that are famous for ages after drinking. After all，the modern learning environment is different from the ancient people，and classical Chinese is replaced by vernacular Chinese.

Painting postscript usually refers to the words written on the attached papers such as picture scroll and album，and in a broad sense，it also includes descriptions and poems. Before Ming Dynasty，painting and calligraphy works were very simple，commonly known as "solo flight"（i.e.，single flight，such as solitary geese）or "double flight"（i.e.，double flight，upper and lower flight），and only a few literati painters wrote poems and inscriptions on painting and calligraphy. In the mid-Ming Dynasty，literati painting flourished，and writing poems on this painting and calligraphy became the trend. Before Yuan Dynasty，calligraphy didn't have much vertical axis form，but it didn't appear until Ming Dynasty. Painting poems with inscriptions is generally called "poem painting"，"poem title" or "poem postscript"，especially those who use poetry instead of postscript（text），add postscript to poems or add poems to postscript，it seems that it is no longer strict to limit the position of the title，but from the point of view that writing postscript to poems can only be carried out after the painting is completed，and For the sake of clear writing，the author only refers to the short essays on the attached papers such as picture scroll and album，while the inscription poems or postscript texts on the paintings are classified as "inscription poems". In recent years，after seeing the painting of the flower armor finished，I respectfully ask the calligrapher to paint the paintings，and after repeated concessions，I can't help but catch the pen and drop the ink. At this time，if I look for a poet to replace me or if I'm "stunned，I won't come"，I'll always let the villain see it.

Poetry，as poets before Tang Dynasty，such as Tao Yuanming. And the classical book of songs，although there are poems that are deliberately sung during sacrifice，are mostly written by ancient working people because of their life feelings. Poetry is the expression of passion. People who are too utilitarian will not have poetry. Poetry is the patent of childlike innocence. Without curiosity，care and sincerity，there would be no real poetry.

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（作者單位：齊魯工業大學（山東省科學院））