邵帥 張莉 劉華



[摘要]目的:分析p53基因單核苷酸多態性(SNPs)位點的多態性,探究云南漢族非綜合征性唇腭裂與p53基因的相關性。方法:選取2016年1月-2018年12月于筆者醫院就診的非綜合征性唇腭裂患兒100例為試驗組,選取醫院同期無先天性畸形正常患兒100例為對照組。采用Taqman探針熒光定量PCR法對p53基因的SNPs位點rs12947788和rs1042522進行基因分型,并用χ2檢驗和Logistic回歸分析多態位點與非綜合征性唇腭裂的相關性。結果:p53的基因SNPs位點rs12947788的等位基因變體A攜帶者(AA+GA vs GG)發生非綜合征性唇腭裂的風險增加(OR=1.393,95%CI 1.030~1.884,P=0.032)。rs1042522(CC vs CG+GG)增加吸煙者母親生下NSCL/P患兒的風險(OR=2.561,95% CI=1.146~5.721,P=0.022)。rs12947788(AA+GA vs GG)可明顯增加有飲酒史母親(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.158~9.040,P=0.025)生下NSCL/P患兒的風險。結論:云南漢族人群非綜合征性唇腭裂與p53基因rs1042522、rs12947788多態具有一定的相關性。
[關鍵詞]非綜合征性唇腭裂;抑癌基因p53;基因多態性;相關性
Abstract: Objective? The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of p53 gene was analyzed to explore the correlation between p53 gene and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate of han nationality in yunnan province. Methods? A total of 100 children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the experimental group, and 100 children without congenital malformation during the same period in our hospital were selected as the control group. Taqman probe fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to genotype p53 SNPs sites rs12947788 and rs1042522, and the correlation between polymorphism sites and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate was analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression. Results? Carriers of allele A of p53 SNPs rs12947788 (AA+GA vs GG) have an increased risk of developing non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (OR=1.393, 95%CI 1.030~1.884, P=0.032). Rs1042522 (CC vs CG+GG) increased the risk of NSCL/P in children born to mothers of smokers (OR=2.561, 95% CI=1.146~5.721, P=0.022). Rs12947788 (AA+GA vs GG) significantly increased the risk of NSCL/P in children born to mothers with drinking history (OR=3.235, 95%CI=1.158~9.040, P=0.025). Conclusion? There is a certain correlation between non-syndromic cleft lip and palate and p53 gene rs1042522 and rs12947788 polymorphism in yunnan han population.
Key words: nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P); tumor suppressor gene p53; gene polymorphism; garrelation
非綜合征性唇腭裂唇腭裂(Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)是臨床外科最常見的先天性出生缺陷之一,指不伴發其他系統器官畸形的不屬于任何綜合征性唇腭裂的唇裂、腭裂的總稱[1-3]。非綜合征性唇腭裂在世界范圍內發病率約為1‰~2‰[4],中國地區的發病率約為1.42‰[5],位列我國新生兒出生缺陷病第2位,具有明顯的種族和地域差異。NSCL/P是一種由多種因素造成的復雜疾病,學者們一般都認為是基因和環境共同作用下的結果,與妊娠期吸煙[6]、符合維生素補充[7]、飲酒[8]以及基因多態性[9]等因素密切相關。目前有大量關于基因多態性與非綜合征性唇腭裂相關的研究,干擾素調節因子-6(Interferon regulatory factor-6,IRF-6)基因和5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因是學者們最主要的研究對象[10-11]。p53基因是最早發現的人體抑癌基因中的一員,與人類惡性腫瘤關系密切,在人體發生惡性腫瘤時,50%以上的概率會出現p53基因的突變[12]。有研究表明[13-14],p53基因突變與多種系統性疾病有關。目前還沒有關于p53基因與非綜合征性唇腭裂相關性的研究,考慮到非綜合征性唇腭裂與基因多態性因素的密切聯系,本研究通過觀察分析p53基因的SNPs位點rs12947788和rs1042522的基因分型,來探究p53基因與非綜合征性唇腭裂的相關性關系,以期為臨床疾病預測提供可靠理論依據。
3? 討論
唇腭裂作為一種最常見的頜面部先天畸形之一,根據是否伴有其他先天性畸形可以分為綜合征性唇腭裂(Syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,SCL/P)和非綜合征性唇腭裂(Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)[15-16]。有研究表明SCL/P是單基因遺傳疾病,而NSCL/P的發病機制則較為復雜,且有較多研究證明NSCL/P的病因與多種因素有關。國外有一項研究表明[17-18],NSCL/P不符合孟德爾遺傳定律,證明NSCL/P的發生發展受遺傳和環境兩種因素共同影響。截止目前,國內外已發現有十幾個基因與NSCL/P的發生發展有關。
人體抑癌基因p53是目前國內外被研究的最多的腫瘤抑制基因之一,定位于人染色體短臂17p13.1區,長度約為16~20Kb,構成包括11個外顯子和10個內含子,主要用于人體編碼由393個氨基酸組成的p53核內磷酸蛋白,25Kb的mRNA是其轉錄產物[19-20]。p53蛋白分為兩種亞型,野生型p53(wtp53)是抑癌基因,主要用來校正DNA保持正常、介導細胞凋亡。突變型p53(mtp53)通常會刺激細胞,發揮癌基因的作用,抑制細胞凋亡。已有研究證明[21-22],p53基因突變與包括呼吸系統、生殖系統等多個系統在內的原發性腫瘤密切相關。有動物模型研究發現,抑癌基因p53的缺失會導致小鼠胚胎發育畸形,具體表現為顱面畸形[23-24]。在本研究兩個p53基因多態性位點與非綜合征性唇腭裂的相關性分析結果中發現,rs12947788的等位基因變體A攜帶者(AA+GA vs GG)發生NSCL/P的風險增加(OR=1.393,95%CI 1.030~1.884,P=0.032)。除此之外其他基因型均與NSCL/P的發病風險無明顯相關關系。在本研究p53基因兩個多態位點與NSCL/P發病風險相關性的分析結果中,根據危險因素將研究人群的母親進行分層時,發現兩個SNPs位點中,有2個與NSCL/P發病風險增加相關。rs1042522(CC vs CG+GG)增加吸煙者母親生下的小兒發生NSCL/P的風險(OR=2.561,95% CI=1.146~5.721,P=0.022)。rs12947788(AA+GAvsGG)可明顯增加有飲酒史母親(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.158~9.040,P=0.025)生下的小兒患NSCL/P的風險。
對于本研究有與國內外相關研究不一致或有相矛盾的地方,可能是由于NSCL/P的發生存在著明顯的種族和地域差異[25-26]所致。且基因在不同地區和人群中亦有著較大的差異性,這可能導致NSCL/P的易感基因會隨著人群的不同而不同。我國種族較多,地域遼闊,大量的研究表明對于復雜的與遺傳和環境相關的疾病,需要將人群通過地域分開來進行研究[27]。且本研究樣本量較少,與先前國內外相關研究結果不一致也可能是由樣本量不足所導致的,擴大樣本量及樣本收集范圍后得到的研究結果可能會更具有臨床意義。
綜上所述,p53基因rs12947788的等位基因變體A的攜帶者會增加NSCL/P的發生風險;p53基因rs12947788可明顯增加有飲酒史母親生下NSCL/P患兒的風險;p53基因rs1042522可明顯增加有吸煙史母親生下NSCL/P患兒的風險。
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[收稿日期]2019-09-11
本文引用格式:邵帥,張莉,劉華,等.云南漢族非綜合征性唇腭裂與p53基因多態性的相關性研究[J].中國美容醫學,2020,29(4):108-112.