王竹紅 葛均青 劉紫晶



摘要 草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)是世界重要農業害蟲,具有很強的遷飛性,對玉米等禾本科植物造成危害。調查草地貪夜蛾卵寄生性天敵資源,明確其種類和鑒別特征,對篩選優勢天敵種類和開展生物防治具有重要意義。對福建省寄生性天敵資源調查結果表明,福建省有兩種草地貪夜蛾卵寄生蜂,分別為夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus Nixon和螟黃赤眼蜂 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii,本文記述了這兩種卵寄生蜂的主要形態特征,并觀察了其寄生行為。
關鍵詞 草地貪夜蛾; 寄生蜂; 調查; 鑒別; 寄生行為
中圖分類號: S 435.132 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019614
Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. It has strong immigrating ability and causes harm to corn and Gramineae plants. Therefore, it is of great importance to further surveys and identification on parasitoid wasps of S. frugiperda egg for selection of superior natural enemies and field application. Through field surveys, two species of egg parasitoid wasps, Telenomus remus Nixon and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii were collected in Fujian province. The morphological characteristics and occurrence of parasitoid wasps were briefly recorded with the photographs of parasitoid wasps, and the parasitic behavior was also studied.
Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; parasitoids; investigation; identification; parasitic behavior
草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)隸屬鱗翅目Lepidoptera,夜蛾科Noctuidae,又稱秋黏蟲(英文名fall armyworm),原產于美洲熱帶及亞熱帶地區,具有食性雜、繁殖能力強、遷飛擴散快、為害嚴重等特點[1-4]。2019年1月,草地貪夜蛾入侵我國云南省,僅歷時9個月就已入侵我國25個省份,見蟲面積100多萬hm2,實際為害面積16.4萬 hm2[5]。草地貪夜蛾將在我國西南、華南地區越冬定殖,成為我國又一個“北遷南回、周年循環”的重大遷飛性害蟲,其發生和為害可能成為常態[5]。因此,加強草地貪夜蛾的監測與防控研究刻不容緩。
生物防治是害蟲防治持續有效的方法。國外對草地貪夜蛾的生物防治研究主要集中于寄生性天敵,包括膜翅目和雙翅目昆蟲[6],其中,緣腹細蜂科Scelionidae的夜蛾黑卵蜂Telenomus remus Nixon是美洲、非洲、亞洲等地草地貪夜蛾重要的卵寄生蜂[7-10];繭蜂科Braconidae脊繭蜂屬的Aleiodes laphygmae (Viereck)、懸繭蜂屬的Meteorus laphygmae (Viereck)、內繭蜂屬的Rogas vaughani (Muesebeck)和R. laphygmae (Viereck)、雕絨繭蜂屬的Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck)是幼蟲期主要寄生蜂[10-13],甲腹繭蜂屬寄生蜂Chelonus spp.是“卵-幼蟲……