甘肅隴南中梁系列冬小麥品種抗條銹病性分析及利用

車卓 岳維云 曹世勤

摘要 種植抗病品種是防治小麥條銹最經濟有效且有利于環境保護的措施。2016年-2018年，在甘肅隴南兩個不同生態區甘谷和汪川試驗點對8個中梁系列冬小麥品種‘中梁25號～‘中梁32號進行了成株期抗條銹性分析，并在溫室進行了苗期抗條銹病性評價。成株期抗條銹性鑒定結果表明：‘中梁25號～‘中梁28號對接種及自然誘發的條銹菌單孢菌系及混合菌均表現感病;‘中梁29號對條銹菌CYR32、CYR33、中4-1表現抗病，對條銹菌CYR34和G22-14表現中抗～中感;‘中梁30號～‘中梁32號對供試條銹菌單孢菌系及混合菌表現免疫到中抗?？箺l銹病基因檢測發現：‘中梁26號和‘中梁27號含有抗病基因Yr9，‘中梁29號含有抗病基因Yr26，其余品種含有未知抗條銹病基因。同時對后CYR34時期供試品種在甘肅隴南的利用前景進行了討論。

關鍵詞 冬小麥品種; 中梁系列; 抗條銹性; 分析; 利用

中圖分類號： S 435.121.42 ?文獻標識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019051

Abstract Wheat stripe rust， caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici （Pst）， is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat in Longnan， Gansu province and China. Planting resistant wheat varieties is one of the most economical， environment friendly and effective methods to control wheat stripe rust in field. The seedling stage and adult-plant stage resistance of eight winter wheat varieties， ‘Zhongliang 25 to ‘Zhongliang 32 were identified by artificial inoculation of different races/isolates of Pst （CYR32， CYR33， CYR 34， G22-14 and Zhong 4-1） and mixtures of Pst in low-temperature greenhouse in Lanzhou and Gangu testing station during 2016-2018. Meanwhile， the adult-plant stage resistance of varieties was also evaluated in the field of Gangu and Wangchuan testing station. The results showed that ‘Zhongliang 25， ‘Zhongliang 26， ‘Zhongliang 27and ‘Zhongliang 28 were susceptible to the tested races/isolates and the mixtures of natural isolates in all-stage. The ‘Zhongliang 29 showed moderate resistance to moderate susceptible against CYR 34， G22-14 and resistant to CYR32， CYR33 and Zhong 4-1. The ‘Zhongliang 30， ‘Zhongliang 31 and ‘Zhongliang 32 showed immune to resistant to tested single and mixed isolates of Pst in all-stage. Molecular detection of resistant Yr genes showed that the ‘Zhongliang 26 and ‘Zhongliang 27 had Yr9， ‘Zhongliang 29 had Yr26， and other wheat varieties had unknown resistant genes. Application prospect of these wheat varieties at CYR34 post stage was discussed.

Key words winter wheat variety; Zhongliang lines; resistance to stripe rust; analysis; utilization

小麥條銹病是發生于甘肅隴南及中國小麥上的最主要病害。種植抗病品種是防治該病最經濟有效且有利于環境保護的措施[1-2]。自2009年以來，隨著以CYR34為代表的貴農22致病類群的出現和積累，不僅導致我國重要的抗源材料‘貴農22、‘ 南農92R及其衍生系材料‘蘭天17號、‘中梁29號、‘天選43號等先后在甘肅隴南田間喪失抗性[3-9]，而且引致2017年小麥條銹病在我國黃淮海小麥主產區大范圍流行，全國發生面積約556萬hm2，是2002年以來發生面積最大的一年?？共∑贩N缺乏是造成條銹病流行最主要的原因之一[10]。

以‘中梁32號為代表的中梁系列冬小麥品種由天水市農業科學研究所中梁試驗站選育而成，具有抗條銹病突出、豐產性好、適應性廣的特點，是當前甘肅隴南山區最重要生產品種之一?！?br>