盧輝 唐繼洪 呂寶乾


摘要 越南是草地貪夜蛾的重要蟲源地,其發生情況對我國草地貪夜蛾的動態有明顯影響。2019年9月15-21日,在越南山羅省安州縣對草地貪夜蛾田間發生和為害情況進行了調查。結果表明,調查區域均發生草地貪夜蛾為害,玉米田間蟲株率為50.7%,百株蟲量為110.7頭;不同玉米生長期(苗期和穗期)的蟲株率和百株蟲量差異顯著,苗期大喇叭口期蟲株率和百株蟲量(84.9%和201.1頭),顯著高于苗期小喇叭口初期(53.2%和114.7頭)和抽雄期(14.2%和16.2頭);田間蟲株率和百株蟲量之間的冪函數模型為y=0.842 8x1.212 5。因此,要進一步加強與越南相關部門的合作,掌握越南草地貪夜蛾發生和為害動態,為我國草地貪夜蛾的監測與防控提供依據。
關鍵詞 草地貪夜蛾; 越南; 發生情況; 調查
中圖分類號: S 435.132 ?文獻標識碼: A ?DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019609
Abstract Vietnam is an important source area of Spodoptera frugiperda, and its occurrence has a significant impact on the dynamics of S. frugiperda in China. On September 15-21, 2019, occurrence and damage of S. frugiperda in the corn field were surveyed in Yen Chau county of Son La province, Vietnam. The results showed S. frugiperda occurred in the investigation area in Vietnam, and the ratio of plant with larva was 50.7%, and the larva per 100 plants was 110.7 individuals. The ratio of plant with larva and the larva per 100 plants showed significant differences among different corn developmental stages, and the ratio of plant with larva and the larva per 100 plants at big flare period (84.9% and 201.1 individuals) were significantly higher than those at small flare period (53.2% and 114.7 individuals) and those at anthesis period (14.2% and 16.2 individuals). The exponential function model of those two parameters was established as y=0.842 8x1.212 5. Therefore, we should strengthen cooperation with relevant departments in Vietnam, and to monitor the occurrence and damage dynamics of S. frugiperda in Vietnam, which is important for the monitoring and control of the pest in China.
Key words Spodoptera frugiperda; Vietnam; occurrence situation; survey
草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)屬于鱗翅目,夜蛾科,是一種原產于美洲熱帶和亞熱帶地區的遷飛性害蟲[1],具有很強的遷飛能力,適宜風速下30 h內遷飛距離可達1 600 km。草地貪夜蛾從美國南部蟲源地遷飛到加勒比海地區,給玉米生產造成毀滅打擊[2-3]。越南位于亞洲中南半島東部,西面與老撾、柬埔寨為鄰,東面和南面對著南海,我國廣西和云南兩省與越南北邊的萊州、老街、河江、高平、諒山和廣寧6省接壤,中越陸地邊界線約長1 350 km。遷飛害蟲在高空遷飛過程中形成空中高速通道,遷飛方向與風向關系密切[4-5],越南和老撾作為蟲源地,受西太平洋副熱帶高壓的控制,蟲源地上空存在草地貪夜蛾遠距離遷飛降落的大氣動力學環境,我國廣東地區草地貪夜蛾可能從越南北部地區遷入[6]。……