新疆南部地區杏園蛀果害蟲群落結構及防治藥劑篩選

徐兵強 宋博 阿布都克尤木·卡德爾

摘要 在杏園蛀果害蟲發生期，通過室內飼養和田間誘捕研究了新疆南部地區杏園蛀果害蟲發生的種類，結果表明，新疆南部地區杏園蛀果害蟲共有4種，分別是李小食心蟲Grapholitha funebrana Treitschke、梨小食心蟲Grapholitha molesta （Busck）、蘋果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella （L.）和桃條麥蛾Anarsia lineatella Zeller，其種群數量分占87.41%、3.81%、2.51%和6.27%;李小食心蟲種群數量顯著大于梨小食心蟲、蘋果蠹蛾和桃條麥蛾，為主要種類;梨小食心蟲、蘋果蠹蛾和桃條麥蛾為次要種類。室內藥劑篩選試驗結果表明，5%順式氯氰菊酯乳油、1.2%煙堿·苦參堿乳油（煙堿0.7%，苦參堿0.5%）和5%殺鈴脲懸浮劑藥后1 d的防治效果差異顯著，分別為95.02%、78.09%和20.15%;藥后5 d，5%順式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%煙堿·苦參堿乳油防治效果分別為89.71%和80.30%，無顯著差異。綜上，新疆南部地區杏園優勢蛀果害蟲為李小食心蟲，5%順式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%煙堿·苦參堿乳油可作為防控用藥。

關鍵詞 杏; 蛀果害蟲; 群落結構; 藥劑篩選

中圖分類號： S 436.62 ?文獻標識碼： A ?DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019058

Abstract During the occurrence of fruit-boring insect pests， community structure of the pests was investigated in apricot orchards by field trapping and indoor-rearing. The results showed that there were four kinds of fruit-boring insect pests， including Grapholitha funebrana Treitschke， Grapholitha molesta （Busck）， Cydia pomonella （L.） and Anarsia lineatella Zeller in apricot orchards in southern Xinjiang. The population percentages of the four pests were 87.41%， 3.81%， 2.51% and 6.27%， respectively. The population number of G. funebrana was significantly higher than that of the other three fruit-boring insect pests， indicating it was the major fruit-boring insect pest， while G. molesta， C. pomonella and A.lineatella was the minor fruit-boring insect pests. Insecticides screening test in laboratory showed that the control efficacies of cis-cypermethrin 5% EC， nicotine·matrine 1.2% EC and triflumuron 5% SC were 95.02%， 78.09% and 20.15% on 1st day after treatment， respectively， with significant difference among the three treatments. The control efficacies of cis-cypermethrin 5% EC and nicotine·matrine 1.2% EC were 89.71% and 80.30% on 5th day after treatment， respectively， with no significant difference. As a result， G. funebrana was the dominant fruit-boring insect pest in the apricot orchards in southern Xinjiang， and cis-cypermethrin 5% EC and nicotine·matrine 1.2% EC could be used for the pest prevention and control.

Key words apricot; fruit-boring insect pest; community structure; insecticide screening

新疆是世界杏屬植物起源中心之一，不僅有大量的野生杏樹，還有大面積的栽培杏，種植面積為全國之首，為13.2萬hm2，是全國乃至中亞重要的杏產區[1-2]。近年來南疆杏受到蛀果害蟲的嚴重為害。據2016年作者對南疆杏主栽區英吉沙縣等5縣15個杏園的調查結果，受害嚴重的杏園蛀果率為97.90%，平均蛀果率63.77%。杏園因蟲害出現大量落果、蛀果，杏果商品率嚴重下降。據2010年之前的報道，新疆南部地區杏園主要蛀果害蟲為蘋果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella和梨小食心蟲Grapholitha molesta[3-6]，之后很少有關于新疆杏樹蛀果害蟲的研究和報道。……