王成福 羅王軍



摘要 ? ?2018年7月6日瑪曲局地暴雨天氣過程,中高緯度為兩槽一脊環流形勢,亞洲中低緯度受副熱帶高壓控制,副熱帶高壓比較強,甘南恰好處于副熱帶高壓內部,受西南氣流的影響,584 dagpm線西伸到青藏高原西部地區,青藏高原東部有低渦生成,巴湖槽東移到90° E附近時,槽后冷空氣分裂南下進入低渦與低渦相結合形成北槽南渦形勢,且低渦一直維持在高原東部,使河西中部到高原中部出現暴雨天氣。這種形勢下,過程以陣性天氣開始,以非陣性天氣結束,過程雨強不強,但持續時間較長。本次暴雨過程作為汛期暴雨的特殊典型,應當引起預報員的注意。
關鍵詞 ? ?甘南高原;局地暴雨;低渦切變;甘肅瑪曲;2018年7月6日
中圖分類號 ? ?P458.121.1 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼 ? ?A
文章編號 ? 1007-5739(2020)12-0209-03 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)
Analysis ?of ?Local ?Rainstorm ?Weather ?Process ?in ?Maqu ?on ?July ?6, 2018
WANG Cheng-fu ? ?LUO Wang-jun
(Meteorological Bureau of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province, Gannan Gansu 747000)
Abstract ? ?On July 6, 2018,the weather process of local rainstorm in Maqu was characterized by a circulation pattern of two troughs and a ridge in the mid-high latitudes. The mid-low latitudes in Asia were controlled by the subtropical high, and the subtropical high was strong. Gannan was just inside the subtropical high and was affected by the southwestern airflow, and the 584 dagpm line extended to the western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and a low vortex was generated in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. When the Bahu trough moved east to near 90° E, the cold air behind the trough split southward into a low vortex and combined with the low vortex to form a south vortex north trough, and the low vortex had been maintained in the east of the plateau, causing heavy rain in the middle of the Hexi to the middle of the plateau. In this situation, the process started with gusty weather and ended with non-stormy weather. The rain was not strong but the duration was longer. This torrential rain process was a special model of torrential rain in flood season, and should be brought to the attention of forecasters.
Key words ? ?Gannan plateau; local rainstorm; low vortex shear; Maqu Gannan; July 6, 2018
暴雨天氣是甘肅省甘南州地區的主要災害性天氣之一,其局地性強、落區較為分散,常伴有冰雹、大風等嚴重破壞性天氣現象,預報難度較大。同時,覆蓋范圍廣、持續時間長、強度大的暴雨常可造成洪澇災害,給農業生產、交通運輸、社會經濟以及人民生命財產帶來嚴重損害。
對暴雨過程的診斷分析和氣象研究一直受到氣象工作者的廣泛關注,國內的眾多研究也取得了許多有價值的成果[1-10]。甘肅暴雨天氣主要出現在6—9月,其中7月的暴雨最多,其環流分為3種類型:副高西北側西南氣流型、西低東高型和低渦型[1]。邵建[2]利用1961年1月至2013年7月多種常規氣象觀測資料和NCEP逐日……