基于個體與社區的居民超重雙層影響因素

陶小芳　朱戰強　周素紅

摘要：基于廣州市26個典型社區的706份調查問卷，結合社區環境調查，采用多層線性回歸模型分析居民超重的影響因素、居民超重的社區差異及其成因。結果表明，居民超重率為32.15%。個體因素方面，年齡與超重概率正相關，已婚居民超重概率高于未婚居民，中下收入居民超重概率高于高收入居民，散步健身時間與超重概率負相關。社區環境方面，社區周邊公園廣場數量與超重概率負相關，保障性住房和歷史街區居民的超重概率高于商品房社區居民。此外，社區周邊健身場所數量與超重概率正相關，結果與常識不符，原因可能是超重居民存在主動健身行為。居民超重存在社區差異，社區健身環境可以解釋社區差異的2.03%，社區健身環境和社區類型可以共同解釋44.91%?？傊瑐€體因素和社區環境共同影響超重，應從個體和社區兩個層面對居民超重進行調控。

關鍵詞：超重;影響因素;社區環境;廣州市

中圖分類號：R363.1+6 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2020）05-0191-06

Abstract： Based on 706 questionnaires collected from 26 typical communities in Guangzhou city，combined with community environmental survey， the residents' overweight prevalence and its influencing factors were investigated， as well as the community difference of overweight and its causes using multilevel linear regression model. The results showed that the overweight rate was 32.15%. In terms of individual factors， age was positively correlated with overweight probability. Married residents had a higher overweight probability than unmarried residents. The overweight probability of high-income residents was lower than that of lower-middle income residents. Walking fitness time was negatively correlated with overweight probability. In terms of the community environment， the number of park and squares around the community was negatively correlated with overweight probability. The residents overweight probability in indemnificatory housing and historic districts was higher than that of residents in commercial housing communities.Besides， the number of physical activity facilities around the community was positively correlated with overweight probability which defied common sense and the reason of this phenomenon was probably that overweight residents took the initiative to physical activities. There were community differences in residents overweight probability. Community physical activity environment could explain 2.03% of the community differences， while community physical activity environment and residential type could jointly explain 44.91% of the community differences. In a word，residents overweight probability was affected by both individual and community factors so its important to regulate excess weight at both levels.

Key words： overweight; influencing factors; community environment; Guangzhou city

據《中國居民營養與健康狀況調查報告（2015）》，中國居民超重率從2002年的17.3%增長到2012年的42.0%，超重、肥胖引發的高血脂、糖尿病等多種疾病威脅人類健康[1]。2016年習近平總書記在全國衛生與健康大會上指出要積極推進健康社區、健康村鎮的發展;2016年國務院發布的《全民健身計劃（2016—2020年）》提出了提高社區設施供給和關注老年人等弱勢群體的策略，突出了完善社區環境的重要性。