考慮低碳偏好和碳交易的港口減排策略

王日金 孟燕萍

摘要：隨著碳交易機制的日益完善和大眾低碳意識的提升，一些試點碳交易市場已經將港口納入其中，如何科學制定減排策略成為我國港口行業發展中亟待解決的問題。鑒于此，通過建立港口競爭數學模型，利用納什均衡博弈得出港口的最優定價和減排策略，并模擬得出兩家集裝箱港口的減排策略以及利潤。研究結果表明：港口的減排策略取決于港口自身投資條件，高投資成本的港口適合低強度減排以控制運營成本以低價吸引客戶，低投資成本的港口適合高強度減排以降低碳排放水平吸引更多低碳客戶。模擬結果表明：隨著客戶低碳敏感系數和單位碳價的提升，港口需要提升減排水平以保證競爭力。

關鍵詞： 碳交易; 低碳偏好; 港口減排; 港口競爭

中圖分類號： F552.6 ? ?文獻標志碼： A

Port emission reduction strategies considering low

carbon preference and carbon trading

WANG Rijin， MENG Yanping

（Institute of Logistic Science & Engineering， Shanghai Maritime University， Shanghai 201306， China）

Abstract： With the improvement of the carbon trading mechanism and the publics low carbon awareness， some pilot carbon trading markets have incorporated ports， and how to scientifically formulate emission reduction strategies has become an urgent problem in the development of port industry in China.In view of this， by establishing the mathematical model of port competition， the optimal pricing and emission reduction strategies of ports are obtained using the Nash equilibrium game， and the emission reduction strategies and profits of two container ports are obtained by simulation. The research results show that， the port emission reduction strategies depend on the ports own investment conditions，the port with high investment cost is suitable for low-intensity emission reduction to control the operating cost to attract customers at low price， and the port with low investment cost is suitable for high-intensity emission reduction to reduce the carbon emission level to attract more low-carbon customers. Simulation results show that with the improvement of customers low carbon sensitivity coefficient and the unit carbon trading price， ports need to raise emission reduction levels to ensure competitiveness.

Key words： carbon trading; low carbon preference; port emission reduction; port competition

0 引 言

隨著我國港口行業的高速發展，港口環境污染問題日益嚴重，以上海港為例，每天由港區內船舶、起重機械和車輛產生的碳排放量約為3萬t[1]，港口產生的顆粒污染物及港口廢棄物嚴重威脅著港口城市的生態環境[2]。我國航運主管部門已經意識到港口污染問題，并在深圳和上海等地航運市場實施碳交易，這勢必會增加港口排放壓力。同時，隨著大眾環保意識的提升，越來越多的客戶選擇低碳航運供應鏈，航運企業為吸引低碳偏好的客戶，往往會青睞低碳港口[3-5]。

我國港口存在許多問題，如：港口員工綠色意識淡薄、港口機械設施嚴重老化、港口管理落后、港口環保設施不健全等[6]。……