集裝箱港口效率增進的付出補償機制

艾亞釗 巫立群

摘要：為尋找港口為效率增進而付出的總成本與其因效率增進而獲得的總收益之間的關系，探索集裝箱港口效率增進的付出補償機制，尋找效率增進途徑。從時間要素的角度分析港口效率損失，構建效率增進的付出補償模型，分析港口效率增進的付出與補償關系，并明確效率增進的努力方向為減少效率損失。得出結論：效率損失的本質是時間;當增進效率付出的成本較小時，其驅動力來自競爭;當增進效率付出的成本較大時，需要靠來自政府的補償，補償的大小應根據效率增進的結果（而不是過程）而定。

關鍵詞： 效率增進; 集裝箱港口; 補償機制

中圖分類號： U691; F223 ? ?文獻標志碼： A

Payment compensation mechanism for improvement of

container port efficiency

AI Yazhao1， WU Lichun2

（1.Logistics Engineering Department， Dongguan Polytechnic， Dongguan 523808， Guangdong， China;

2.College of Commerce and Management， China University of Science and Technology， Taipei 11581， Taiwan， China）

Abstract： In order to find out the relationship between the total cost paid by the port for improving efficiency and the total revenue gained by improving efficiency， the payment compensation mechanism for improvement of container port efficiency is explored to find ways of improving efficiency. The loss of port efficiency is analyzed from the perspective of time factor， and the payment compensation model for efficiency improvement is built to analyze the relationship between the payment and compensation of port efficiency improvement. It is defined that the direction of efficiency improvement is to reduce the loss of efficiency. It is concluded that： the essence of efficiency loss is time; when the payment cost for improving efficiency is smaller， its driving force comes from competition; when the payment cost for improving efficiency is larger， it needs to rely on the compensation from the government， and the size of compensation should be determined by the result （not the process） of efficiency improvement.

Key words： efficiency improvement; container port; compensation mechanism

0 引 言

全球貿易的蓬勃發展，正在把供應鏈全球化和一體化推向巔峰，以集裝箱港口為核心的國際物流服務供應鏈正扮演著關鍵節點的角色，供應商對物流提前期（leadtime）的要求越來越短，對港航作業的可得性、可靠性和一致性的要求越來越高，這正是當前港口航運業轉型升級的深層原因。港航業正在經歷的服務柔性化、港城一體化、運營精益化和管理信息化等轉型措施也正是基于供應鏈思維所展開的競爭策略。問題是，集裝箱港口為什么要自發地提高自身的作業效率？港口為效率增進而付出的總成本與其因效率增進而獲得的總收益之間的關系如何衡量？鑒于此，有必要分析集裝箱港口效率增進的付出補償機制，為公共部門制定效率激勵政策提供參考。……