李歡 徐棟



摘要:為探究多重因素影響下集裝箱港口的合理腹地范圍,基于運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型和配流模型對不同類型集裝箱港口的腹地范圍進(jìn)行實例分析。研究表明:集裝箱港口的地位、集疏運(yùn)方式是影響腹地范圍的重要因素。現(xiàn)代理念下的集裝箱港口腹地劃分已突破傳統(tǒng)地理空間的約束,為多重因素交織競爭作用下的結(jié)果。集運(yùn)輸成本、運(yùn)作效率、服務(wù)質(zhì)量和增值服務(wù)于一體的貨源集聚綜合能力在集裝箱港口腹地劃分中發(fā)揮重要作用。
關(guān)鍵詞: 港口; 經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地; 競爭
中圖分類號: U652.1 ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
Container port hinterland division based on empirical analysis
LI Huan, XU Dong
(School of Transport & Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: In order to explore the reasonable hinterland range of container ports under the influence of multiple factors, the hinterland range of different types of container ports is analyzed by an example based on the transportation route optimization model and the distribution model. The research shows that the status of container ports and the mode of collecting and distributing are important factors affecting the hinterland range. The division of the hinterland of container ports under the modern concept has broken through the constraints of traditional geospatial space, which is the result of interweaving competition of multiple factors. The integrated capacity of source gathering, which integrates transportation cost, operation efficiency, service quality and value-added service, plays an important role in the container port hinterland division.
Key words: port; economic hinterland; competition
0 引 言
港口腹地對港口具有非常重要的作用。港口腹地的范圍以及港口腹地的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動水平,決定著港口貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)囊?guī)模與結(jié)構(gòu)。上海港[1]、新加坡港[2]、香港港[3]、鹿特丹港[4]、安特衛(wèi)普港[5]等世界知名港口的發(fā)展歷程充分驗證了對港口腹地貨源的掌控已成為現(xiàn)代港口競爭的重要保證。
根據(jù)古典經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)理論,港口對腹地貨源的吸引能力主要取決于從經(jīng)濟(jì)腹地到港口的運(yùn)輸成本,換言之,物理距離是確定港口腹地范圍的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]。隨著港口集疏運(yùn)體系的日趨完善和現(xiàn)代港口服務(wù)能力的全面提升,特別是全球供應(yīng)鏈理念和綜合物流服務(wù)的興起,港口腹地劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也在逐步發(fā)生改變[7-11]。現(xiàn)代港口發(fā)展理論認(rèn)為港口腹地的劃分受到多種因素的影響,除內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸條件外,還涉及包括港口、海上運(yùn)輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)在內(nèi)的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)體系的有效性,甚至還需要考慮地緣政治、港口博弈以及歷史文化和個人偏好因素等?!?br>