施天嬌 楊斌 朱小林



摘要:為研究全渠道零售的配送系統(tǒng)對企業(yè)物流成本的影響,綜合考慮時間窗、車型選擇等因素,以運(yùn)輸成本最低為目標(biāo),建立高度協(xié)同的全渠道零售場景下的物流配送模型。該模型采用自適應(yīng)遺傳算法求解,利用MATLAB進(jìn)行算例分析。結(jié)果顯示:全渠道零售模式下的車輛調(diào)度方案能迅速響應(yīng)消費(fèi)者需求,與一般配送模式相比可以減少物流成本,優(yōu)化車輛配置。與粒子群優(yōu)化算法相比,自適應(yīng)遺傳算法的運(yùn)行時間更短、優(yōu)化結(jié)果更好,這驗(yàn)證了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 車輛路徑問題(VRP); 自適應(yīng)遺傳算法; 全渠道零售; 協(xié)同配送; 多車型調(diào)度
中圖分類號: F252.3; F274 ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A
Distribution vehicle routing problem in omni-channel retailing
SHI Tianjiao, YANG Bin, ZHU Xiaolin
(Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: In order to study the effect of the omni-channel retailling distribution system on the logistics cost of enterprises, considering the factors of time window, vehicle type selection and so on, a highly coordinated logistics distribution model under the omni-channel retailling is established with the objective of the minimum transportation cost. The model is solved by the adaptive genetic algorithm, and the example is analyzed by MATLAB. The results show that, the vehicle scheduling scheme under the omni-channel retailing mode can quickly respond to consumer demand, and can reduce the logistics cost and optimize the vehicle configuration compared with the general distribution mode. Compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the adaptive genetic algorithm is of shorter running time and better optimization results, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm.
Key words: vehicle routing problem (VRP); adaptive genetic algorithm; omni-channel retailing; joint distribution; vehicle scheduling with multiple vehicle types
0 引 言
全渠道零售是指供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)之間資源共享,以消費(fèi)者為中心的一種經(jīng)營方式。貝恩全球零售合伙人RIGBY[1]于2011年提出,全渠道零售指零售商通過各個渠道與消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行互動,將不同渠道資源整合以提供無縫的消費(fèi)服務(wù)的經(jīng)營方式。企業(yè)通過深度學(xué)習(xí)、感測融合和射頻識別等互聯(lián)技術(shù),滿足消費(fèi)者在家、學(xué)校、公司等不同場景下自由購物的需求,同時企業(yè)提供智能配送服務(wù)。全渠道零售有幾個顯著的特征:第一,全線,即全渠道覆蓋電商渠道、實(shí)體店渠道和移動端渠道,實(shí)現(xiàn)線上線下的高度融合;第二,全程,即消費(fèi)者在從接觸商品到擁有商品的全過程中能實(shí)時掌握商品信息;第三,全面,即企業(yè)能追蹤、分析消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù),與消費(fèi)者互動,提供個性化建議,提升購物體驗(yàn)?!?br>