南山文體中心

地點(diǎn)：深圳市南山區(qū)南山大道與南頭街交匯處

用地面積：39 600平方米

建筑面積：78 800平方米

最大建筑高度：34.8米

劇場(chǎng)座位數(shù): 1338 座（大劇場(chǎng)），363 座（小劇場(chǎng)）

體育看臺(tái)數(shù)：2145 座（體育館），252 座（游泳館）

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：CCDI 悉地國(guó)際+ZDA（匈牙利）

劇場(chǎng)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：ZDA（匈牙利）

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/機(jī)電設(shè)計(jì)：CCDI 悉地國(guó)際

設(shè)計(jì)/竣工：2007/2014年

Location: Intersection of Nanshan Avenue and Nantou Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China

Site Area: 39,600 m2

Floor Area: 78,800 m2

Max. Construction Height: 34.8 m

Seating: 1338 Seats (Large Theater), 363 Sseats (Small Theater)

Number of Stand: 2145 (Indoor Stadium), 252 (Natatorium)

Architectural Design: CCDI + ZDA (HUN)

Interior Design for Theater: ZDA (HUN)

Structural Design/M&E Design: CCDI

Design/Completion: 2007/2014

南山文體中心最重要的設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā)點(diǎn)在于對(duì)城市尺度的研究。對(duì)于快速更新的深圳城市面貌而言, 有關(guān)街道生活的記憶顯得尤其珍貴。如何在新建的較大尺度的文化設(shè)施中盡可能延續(xù)原有建筑與街道已形成的使用空間及模式，成為一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的研究。為此，建筑師將南山文體中心的三大功能區(qū)獨(dú)立布置，留出巷道連接外部城市道路，便于周邊居民能更方便地來(lái)到廣場(chǎng)區(qū)，同時(shí)將體育館的西北側(cè)架空，讓出建筑臨近街角的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。游泳館和體育館之間，通過(guò)開(kāi)放的二層平臺(tái)連接，將乒乓球，健身，壁球，訓(xùn)練館等區(qū)域，沿平臺(tái)開(kāi)放，延長(zhǎng)建筑與居民日常活動(dòng)的接觸界面。

南山文體中心最重要的設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā)點(diǎn)在于對(duì)城市尺度的研究。對(duì)于快速更新的深圳城市面貌而言, 有關(guān)街道生活的記憶顯得尤其珍貴。如何在新建的較大尺度的文化設(shè)施中盡可能延續(xù)原有建筑與街道已形成的使用空間及模式，成為一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的研究。

The most important starting point of Nanshan Culture & Sport Center is the study of the scale of Shenzhen.Given the rapid development of Shenzhen, memories of street life are especially precious. It is valuable to study how to retain the existing spaces and patterns of the original buildings and streets as much as possible in the new large-scale cultural facilities.

To that end, the architects independently arranged the three functional areas of the Nanshan Culture &Sport Center, leaving a lane to connect to external roads, so that the surrounding residents can more easily get access to the square. At the same time, the northwest of the gymnasium was elevated, leaving the space in which the building is close to the street corner. The natatorium and gymnasium were connected by an open two-storey platform, along which the table tennis, fitness, squash, and training halls are opened, aiming to extend the interface between the building and residents' daily activities.

The most important starting point of Nanshan Culture & Sport Center is the study of the scale of Shenzhen.Given the rapid development of Shenzhen, memories of street life are especially precious. It is valuable to study how to retain the existing spaces and patterns of the original buildings and streets as much as possible in the new large-scale cultural facilities.

為此，建筑師將南山文體中心的三大功能區(qū)獨(dú)立布置，留出巷道連接外部城市道路，便于周邊居民能更方便地來(lái)到廣場(chǎng)區(qū)，同時(shí)將體育館的西北側(cè)架空，讓出建筑臨近街角的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。游泳館和體育館之間，通過(guò)開(kāi)放的二層平臺(tái)連接，將乒乓球，健身，壁球，訓(xùn)練館等區(qū)域，沿平臺(tái)開(kāi)放，延長(zhǎng)建筑與居民日常活動(dòng)的接觸界面。

最終，建筑師將三個(gè)場(chǎng)館統(tǒng)一在一片大屋檐之下：屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)由正交的warran 桁架構(gòu)成，每榀桁架間距8米，桁架高度為3米,覆蓋了東西向185米、南北向180米的屋蓋區(qū)域并沿場(chǎng)地北側(cè)及西側(cè)布置，以減低西曬對(duì)廣場(chǎng)干擾，延長(zhǎng)了市民在廣場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。于是，一氣呵成的建筑形態(tài)體現(xiàn)著深圳城市的開(kāi)拓精神，而建筑與城市支路臨界面的"掏空"策略,也暗示著對(duì)外開(kāi)放、容納街頭巷尾的周遭居民活動(dòng)的公民信念。

劇場(chǎng)是這組建筑最重要的文化空間。南山文體中心的劇院由大劇場(chǎng)和小劇場(chǎng)構(gòu)成，大劇場(chǎng)在舞臺(tái)、音響等方面均采用了國(guó)際頂尖的聲學(xué)技術(shù)，能夠符合世界級(jí)演出的場(chǎng)所邀請(qǐng)；小劇場(chǎng)將以兒童劇及小型話劇為主要演出內(nèi)容，兼顧市民公眾的各類小型文化活動(dòng)需要。劇場(chǎng)最大的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)在于通過(guò)升降設(shè)施調(diào)節(jié)空間容積。在1338 座的大空間內(nèi)，CCDI 與ZDA 聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)了六個(gè)模塊組合成的升降吊頂，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)1.3 秒～1.9 秒的混響時(shí)間切換，為話劇、交響樂(lè)和歌劇在一個(gè)廳堂內(nèi)的演出模式切換提供了可能。同時(shí)，樂(lè)池升降臺(tái)分前后兩塊，其中一塊采用單層臺(tái)面，另一塊則是國(guó)內(nèi)唯一的“C”型雙層升降臺(tái)面，它們彼此可以組合形成五種不同的模式。此外，大劇場(chǎng)在觀眾廳中間位置設(shè)有調(diào)音升降臺(tái)，使調(diào)音師能獲得最真實(shí)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)感，更準(zhǔn)確地調(diào)整出最佳音響效果。從結(jié)構(gòu)工程上看，兩座劇場(chǎng)均采用剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)，外圍鋼管混凝土柱通過(guò)雙向正交桁架與結(jié)構(gòu)主體相連；劇場(chǎng)觀眾席、舞臺(tái)采用單向桁架，桁架高度3m，便于舞臺(tái)機(jī)械、活動(dòng)天花安裝及設(shè)備檢修。設(shè)計(jì)的最大難點(diǎn)在于解決大跨桁架與剪力墻平面外連接節(jié)點(diǎn)的分析及處理、弧形曲面剪力墻有限元分析、以及觀眾席底部大空間轉(zhuǎn)換樓面梁板分析。這些技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)反復(fù)調(diào)整、不斷深化的過(guò)程。

To that end, the architects independently arranged the three functional areas of the Nanshan Culture &Sport Center, leaving a lane to connect to external roads, so that the surrounding residents can more easily get access to the square. At the same time, the northwest of the gymnasium was elevated, leaving the space in which the building is close to the street corner. The natatorium and gymnasium were connected by an open two-storey platform, along which the table tennis, fitness, squash, and training halls are opened,aiming to extend the interface between the building and residents' daily activities.

In the end, the architects unified the three venues into one: the roof is composed of orthogonal warran truss that is 3m high with a truss spacing of 8m, covering the roof of 185m from east to west and that of 180m from north to south. It was arranged along the north and west of the site to reduce the interference of the western exposure to the sun on the square and prolong the activity time for citizens. Thus, the coherent whole architectural form embodies the pioneering spirit of Shenzhen. In addition, the "hollowed-out design"was adopted in the critical surface between the building and the city branch roads also implies its citizens'belief of opening up and the accommodation of the activities of surrounding residents.

The theater is the key cultural space of these buildings. The theater of the Nanshan Culture & Sport Center is composed of a grand theater and a small one. The grand one uses the world-class acoustic technology in stage and audio, which matches the world-class performance. While the small one focus on child play and small drama, satisfying the needs of various small cultural activities of the public. The most remarkable design feature of the theater is its adjustment of the space volume through the lifting facilities. In the space with 1338 seats, CCDI and ZDA jointly designed a lifting ceiling composed of six modules, which can realize the switching of reverberation time from 1.3 to 1.9 seconds, making it available for switching the performance mode of drama, symphony and opera in the hall. At the same time, the lifting table of orchestra pit was divided into two parts, one of which used a single-tiered table, and the other was the only C-type double-tiered lifting table in China. They can be combined with each other to form five different modes. In addition, the grand theater is equipped with a liftable and lowerable mixer in the middle of the audience hall, so that the tuner can get the most real sense of the scene and adjust the best sound effect.In terms of structural engineering, both theaters adopted the shear wall, and the outer concrete filled steel tubular columns are connected to the main body of the structure through a two-way orthogonal truss. The auditorium and stage of the theater adopted unidirectional truss that is 3m high, which is convenient for the installation and maintenance of stage machinery and movable ceiling. The biggest challenge of design is a series of analysis and treatment including that of the out-of-plane connection nodes of large-span truss and shear wall, of the curved shear wall, and of the space conversion of floor girder and board at the bottom of the auditorium. These technical procedures have undergone an iterative and in-depth process.