基于園林廢棄物真菌菌劑的制備及應用

彭春燕 高育慧 吳華南 鄭衛國 劉天翔 李軍娟 喻東 鄭雯芳

摘要：采用“以廢治污”的理念，將以園林廢棄物為基質制備的真菌菌劑應用于污染河水中，以實現固體廢棄物與廢水的聯動處理。考察園林廢棄物的含量、基質厚度和初始含水率對該菌株孢子制備的影響，并用響應面法優化制備工藝。結果表明，影響孢子產量的因子主次順序為基質厚度、園林廢棄物含量和含水率;最佳制備工藝條件為園林廢棄物含量46%、基質厚度3 cm、初始含水率57%，得到的孢子數為4.75×109 CFU/g，該結果與回歸方程預測值接近;將制備的孢子活化，并以0.50‰的接種量投加至污染河水中，曝氣處理54 h后，COD、NH3-N和TP的去除率分別達84.97%、97.07%和51.64%;連續試驗表明，該菌劑能夠有效地降低河水中的COD、NH3-N和TP等污染物，且具有較高的穩定性。

關鍵詞：園林廢棄物;真菌;廢水;制備;響應面法;曝氣

中圖分類號：Q89;X522? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2020）14-0069-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.14.012 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Abstract： Based on the concept of “using waste to control pollution”， a fungus with high pollution resistance prepared from garden waste was applied to polluted river water to realize the linkage treatment of solid waste and waste water. Garden waste content， substrate thickness and initial moisture content were taken as influencing factors. The effect of the content， substrate thickness and initial water content of garden waste on the preparation of spores was investigated， and the preparation process was optimized by response surface method. The results showed that the most influential factor on the yield of spore was substrate thickness， followed by garden waste content and initial moisture content. The optimum conditions were garden waste content 46%， substrate thickness 3 cm and initial moisture content 57%. Under such conditions， the actual results were close to the predicted values of regression equation. Then the prepared spores were activated and added to polluted river water at an inoculum of 0.50‰. After 54 hours of aeration， the removal rates of COD， NH3-N and TP reached 84.97%， 97.07% and 51.64%， respectively. Continuous experiments demonstrated that this integrated system could effectively remove pollutants such as COD， NH3-N and TP in polluted river water with high stability.

Key words： garden waste; fungus; waste water; preparation; response surface methodology; aeration

園林廢棄物是在城市綠化美化過程中由植物自然凋落或綠化修剪等產生的植物殘體， 包括雜草、修剪枝條、落花、枯枝、落葉等[1]。隨著中國經濟水平的提高，人民對美好生活的向往使得園林綠化迅速發展，導致園林廢棄物的數量不斷增加，給環境帶來了巨大壓力。目前，園林廢棄物主要通過焚燒或填埋進行處理，然而，這種處理方式存在容易形成二次污染、造成土地資源及園林廢棄物的浪費等缺點[2]。而將其與生物法結合起來，不僅環保，且可變廢為寶，實現資源的循環利用。……