黃靖 陳衛銀 王悅
摘要:異染性白質營養不良(MLD)是一種常染色體隱性遺傳的代謝性疾病,其特征是芳基硫酸酶A(ARSA)基因或prosaposin基因(PSAP)缺陷或變異,導致溶酶體內芳基硫酸酶A生成不足,使神經和內臟組織中硫酸酯積累,從而產生中樞和外周神經系統脫髓鞘改變。MLD臨床表現為運動障礙、周圍神經病、精神行為異常等,目前該病暫無特效治療方法,以對癥治療為主,造血干細胞移植、基因療法及酶替代療法均處于臨床研究階段。本文主要從MLD病理、致病基因、發病機制、臨床表現、診斷及治療等方面對該病進行綜述,旨在提高臨床對改變的認識,從而改善其治療效果。
關鍵詞:異染性白質營養不良;芳基硫酸酶A;基因
中圖分類號:R742.89 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.006
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)18-0018-04
General Situation of Studies on Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
HUANG Jing1,CHEN Wei-yin2,WANG Yue1
(1.Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610072,Sichuan,China;
2.the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu610072, Sichuan,China)
Abstract:Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease characterized by defects or mutations in the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene or prosaposin gene (PSAP), leading to aryl groups in the lysosome Insufficient production of sulfatase A causes the accumulation of sulfate in nerve and visceral tissues, resulting in demyelination changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The clinical manifestations of MLD include dyskinesia, peripheral neuropathy, abnormal mental behavior, etc. At present, there is no specific treatment for this disease. Symptomatic treatment is the main treatment. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, gene therapy and enzyme replacement therapy are all in the clinical research stage. This article mainly reviews the MLD pathology, pathogenic genes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and aims to improve the clinical understanding of the changes and improve its treatment effect.
Key words:Metachromatic leukodystrophy;Arylsulfatase A;Gene
異染性白質營養不良(matachromaticleukodystrophy,MLD)是一種常染色體隱性遺傳疾病,國外報道其發病率為1/100000~1/40000[1],其特征是芳基硫酸酶A(arylsulfataseA,ARSA)基因或prosaposin基因(PSAP)缺陷或變異,導致溶酶體內芳基硫酸酶A生成不足,使神經和內臟組織中硫酸酯積累,從而產生中樞和外周神經系統脫髓鞘改變[2]。MLD臨床表現為運動障礙、周圍神經病、精神行為異常等,有三種主要的臨床類型:晚嬰型(發病年齡1~2歲)、少年型(發病年齡4~12歲)和成人型(青春期以后)[3]。因該病臨床表現不具有特異性,診斷依賴生化檢測、MRI表現及基因分析,目前暫無特效治療方法,造血干細胞移植、酶替代療法及基因治療等均在研究中。近年來,MLD的病例報告不斷增加,對于該病的研究越來越多,本文將從病理、致病基因、發病機制、臨床表現、診斷及治療幾個方面對該病近年的研究進行綜述。……