李庭紅
摘要:門靜脈血栓是肝硬化失代償期嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥之一,臨床癥狀缺乏特異性。目前普遍認(rèn)為血流動力及凝血功能出現(xiàn)異常是引發(fā)門靜脈血栓的主要發(fā)病機(jī)制之一。超聲檢查是門靜脈血栓的首選檢查方法,抗凝治療是主要的治療方式之一,但目前仍存在著抗凝時間窗的選擇、藥物劑量等諸多問題。本文就門靜脈血栓得誘發(fā)因素以及治療作一綜述,以期為臨床更好治療提供參考依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:肝硬化門靜脈血栓;肝硬化失代償期;誘發(fā)因素
中圖分類號:R543.6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.008
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)18-0026-03
Study on the Treatment of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis
LI Ting-hong1,2
(1.the Third Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300170,China;
2.Department of Liver and Gastroenterology,Tianjin Third Central Hospital,Tianjin 300170,China)
Abstract:Portal vein thrombosis is one of the serious complications of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and the clinical symptoms lack specificity. At present, it is generally believed that abnormal hemodynamic and coagulation function is one of the main pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis. Ultrasound examination is the first choice for portal vein thrombosis. Anticoagulation is one of the main treatment methods. However, there are still many problems such as the choice of anticoagulation time window and drug dosage. This article reviews the predisposing factors and treatment of portal vein thrombosis in order to provide a reference for better clinical treatment.
Key words:Liver cirrhosis portal vein thrombosis;Decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis; Predisposing factors
門靜脈血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)屬于臨床發(fā)病率較低的病癥,但治療難度大,且尚缺乏公認(rèn)治療方案。該病臨床缺乏典型表現(xiàn),部分急性血栓患者在初期幾乎無任何異常癥狀,僅有嘔吐、惡心等癥狀,嚴(yán)重者則可能出現(xiàn)急性腹痛,甚至休克等癥狀[1,2]。了解PVT患者誘發(fā)因素對于提高患者診治效率具有重要意義。本文就PVT誘發(fā)因素及治療方法作一綜述,以期為臨床治療提供參考。
1 PVT的誘發(fā)因素
門靜脈血流速度減慢是引發(fā)PVT的主要發(fā)病機(jī)制之一,即靜脈淤滯、血液處于高凝狀態(tài)以及存在有內(nèi)皮損傷等。而導(dǎo)致這些因素出現(xiàn)的原因較多,如血流動力發(fā)生異常、患者凝血功能出現(xiàn)異常等,若這些因素同時出現(xiàn),則大大增加患者出現(xiàn)PVT幾率[3]。
1.1血流動力發(fā)生異常 ?韓東等[4]研究顯示,肝硬化患者在門脈高壓的作用下,將直接影響門脈側(cè)支循環(huán),使得門靜脈血流速度減慢。在肝硬化持續(xù)發(fā)展的情況下,PVT患者門靜脈壓力進(jìn)一步上升,導(dǎo)致患者門脈側(cè)支循環(huán)的血流量異常增加。……