周小敏 王敏
摘要:新生兒窒息及并發癥是新生兒死亡的主要原因,窒息后缺氧、酸中毒易對全身多個器官造成損害,嚴重危害新生兒健康。隨著新生兒窒息復蘇技術的提高和普及,窒息存活患兒明顯增多,窒息后并發癥成為威脅患兒健康的主要原因。本文主要對新生兒窒息后腦、心、肺、腎、胃腸道等器官損害的早期診斷與治療進行綜述,旨在降低新生兒窒息后并發癥的危害。
關鍵詞:新生兒;窒息;多器官損害;死亡
中圖分類號:R722.12 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.009
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)18-0029-04
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Organ Damage in Neonatal Asphyxia
ZHOU Xiao-min,WANG Min
(the First Clinical Medical College,Three Gorges University/Department of Pediatrics,Yichang Central People's Hospital,
Yichang 443003,Hubei,China)
Abstract:Neonatal asphyxia and complications are the main causes of neonatal death. Hypoxia and acidosis after asphyxia can easily cause damage to multiple organs of the whole body and seriously endanger the health of newborns. With the improvement and popularization of neonatal asphyxia resuscitation technology, the number of children surviving asphyxia has increased significantly, and complications after asphyxia have become the main reason for the health of children. This article mainly reviews the early diagnosis and treatment of brain, heart, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal and other organ damage after neonatal asphyxia, aiming to reduce the harm of complications after neonatal asphyxia.
Key words:Newborn;Asphyxia;Multiple organ damage;Death
新生兒窒息(asphyxia Neonatorum)是指各種原因使母體-胎兒血流之間氣體交換發生障礙,導致機體缺氧、酸中毒,出生后不能建立和維持正常呼吸的危急病理狀態[1]。窒息時缺氧、酸中毒可對全身多器官造成缺氧缺血性損害,復蘇成功后缺血組織還會遭受再灌注帶來的再次損傷,嚴重威脅患兒生命,是導致新生兒死亡的常見疾病之一[2]。近年來窒息復蘇技術不斷提高和普及使得我國新生兒窒息發生率及死亡率明顯降低[3],窒息存活患兒顯著增多,但其并發癥仍可致復蘇成功患兒死亡或遺留永久性后遺癥。識別窒息易損器官,早期預防和診治窒息后器官損害,對降低窒息患兒死亡率和殘疾率十分重要。因此本文從窒息后易損器官的早期診斷方法與治療進展進行綜述,以便臨床更好加強窒息患兒復蘇后管理、早期診斷與治療器官損害。
1新生兒窒息后多器官損害的機制
窒息可通過多種途徑……