李巖華
摘要:非意愿妊娠人工流產容易并發宮腔粘連、子宮穿孔、繼發不孕以及生殖道感染等并發癥,嚴重威脅女性身心健康。避孕藥是臨床最常見的短效避孕方法,可為育齡人群提供安全、可接受和高效的避孕,但是需要堅持正確使用。避孕藥是健康人群預防和控制妊娠的藥物,但其使用也存在一定的風險。臨床關于女性避孕藥的種類較多,但是不同避孕藥具有各自的優缺點,臨床應依據不同的避孕需求及患者特點,選擇合適、安全的避孕藥。本文對女性避孕藥的種類及作用機制進行綜述,旨在為臨床女性避孕藥的合理選擇提供一定指導。
關鍵詞:女性;避孕;雌激素;孕激素
中圖分類號:R71 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.012
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)18-0039-03
The Mechanism and Application of Female Contraceptives
LI Yan-hua
(Department of Gynecology,Dongli Hospital,Dongli District,Tianjin 300300,China)
Abstract:Involuntary pregnancy induced abortion is prone to complications such as intrauterine adhesions, uterine perforation, secondary infertility, and reproductive tract infections, which seriously threaten women's physical and mental health. The contraceptive pill is the most common short-acting contraceptive method in clinical practice. It can provide safe, acceptable and efficient contraception for people of childbearing age, but the premise is that it needs to be used correctly. Contraceptives are used to prevent and control pregnancy in healthy people, but their use also has certain risks. There are many types of female contraceptives in clinical practice, but different contraceptives have their own advantages and disadvantages. Clinicians should choose suitable and safe contraceptives according to different contraceptive needs and patient characteristics. This article reviews the types and mechanism of female contraceptives, aiming to provide some guidance for the reasonable selection of clinical female contraceptives.
Key words:Female;Contraception;Estrogen;Progesterone
現代女性避孕已經從傳統安全期避孕、性交中斷等避孕方法轉換為更科學、更普遍的避孕方式。通過應用避孕藥改變多個環節的正常生理功能,可實現避孕目的。避孕藥是當前最方便有效的避孕手段。依據女性更看重的舒適便捷、健康保護、安全經濟、效應良好,目前已經研發出多種不同途徑的避孕藥。多樣化的避孕藥具有不同的避孕效果,且其使用方法和服用方法以及臨床不良反應等均不同[1]。在努力滿足不同人群不同需求的基礎上,本文就女性避孕藥的種類及作用機制作一綜述,以期為女性臨床選擇避孕藥提供一定的參考意見,現綜述如下。
1口服避孕藥
1.1復方口服避孕藥 ?復方口服避孕藥含雌激素和孕激素的復合甾體激素制劑,是一種高效的避孕藥。……