中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因分析

林榮　李二強(qiáng)

摘要：目的 ?分析中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生原因，為臨床安全合理使用中藥注射劑提供參考。方法 ?回顧性分析2018年1月～2019年12月我院使用中藥注射劑治療的546例患者的臨床資料，分析藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況及不同臨床特征間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況，并采用多元線性Logistic回歸分析不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生的影響因素。結(jié)果 ?546例中藥注射劑治療患者，藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為4.76%，不良反應(yīng)藥物主要為雙黃連注射液、痰熱清注射液、參麥注射液，不良反應(yīng)主要為輕中度，且主要表現(xiàn)為變態(tài)反應(yīng);不同年齡、性別、文化程度、是否不合理用藥、是否存在藥物或食物過敏史患者藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。多元線性Logistic回歸分析顯示，文化程度、藥物或食物過敏史、不合理用藥是中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生的高危因素。結(jié)論 ?中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生原因眾多，其中文化程度、藥物或食物過敏史、不合理用藥為其高危因素，且可控。故臨床應(yīng)規(guī)范、合理使用中藥注射劑，有效提高中藥注射劑臨床用藥的安全性，避免不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。

關(guān)鍵詞：中藥注射劑;不良反應(yīng);不合理用藥

中圖分類號：R286 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.044

文章編號：1006-1959（2020）18-0135-03

Analysis on the Causes of Adverse Reactions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections

LIN Rong，LI Er-qiang

（Department of Pharmacy，Gaoling District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital，Xi'an 710200，Shaanxi，China）

Abstract：Objective ?To analyze the causes of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections and provide references for the safe and reasonable use of traditional Chinese medicine injections in clinical practice.Methods ?The clinical data of 546 patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and the occurrence of adverse reactions between different clinical characteristics were analyzed， and multiple linear Logistic regression was used. Analyze the influencing factors of adverse reactions.Results ?In 546 patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine injection， the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 4.76%. The adverse drug reactions were mainly Shuanghuanglian injection， Tanreqing injection， and Shenmai injection. The adverse reactions were mainly mild to moderate， and the main manifestations were： Allergies：the incidence of adverse drug reactions in patients with different ages， genders， education levels， whether irrational use of drugs， whether there was a history of drugs or food allergies， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Multivariate linear logistic regression analysis showed that education level， history of drug or food allergies， and irrational drug use are high risk factors for adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections.Conclusion ?There were many reasons for the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections， include education level， history of drug or food allergies， and irrational drug use are the high risk factor and its controllable. Therefore， the clinical application of Chinese medicine injections should be standardized and rationally used， which could effectively improve the safety of clinical use of Chinese medicine injections and avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Key words：Traditional Chinese medicine injection;Adverse reaction;Irrational drug use

中藥注射劑是以中醫(yī)理論為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代技術(shù)發(fā)展起來的產(chǎn)物，為臨床疾病治療及中藥治療提供了新途徑[1]。中藥注射劑藥性平和、療效獨(dú)特、作用迅速，有效彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)中藥見效慢的問題。隨著中藥注射劑在臨床的廣泛應(yīng)用，其不良反應(yīng)也不斷增多[2]。由于中藥具有偏性，部分中藥還具有一定的毒性，如果使用不當(dāng)可能發(fā)生毒副作用[3]。因此，安全合理使用中藥注射劑已成為臨床迫切需要解決的問題之一。據(jù)相關(guān)研究顯示[4]，中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生原因與多種因素相關(guān)，但該結(jié)論尚存在爭議。基于此，本研究主要探究中藥注射劑不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因及其與不合理用藥的關(guān)系，為臨床中藥注射劑安全合理使用提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。……